應用汽車側簾安全氣囊改善車輛側撞安全性能

由美國國家高速公路交通安全管理局的研究指出側撞事故發生的機會僅低於正撞事故，在側撞發生時車輛能提供的保護能力較低，容易造成乘客頭部的損傷。自從1990年氣囊開始用於汽車，側撞氣囊就成為側撞被動防護系統裡面重要的一部分，在側撞發生時，側撞防護氣囊不只能降低損傷值同時能保護頭部不受到硬物傷害，故本研究應用汽車側簾安全氣囊改善車輛側撞安全性能。本論文參考美國聯邦汽車安全法規FMVSS 214所規範的方式及程序，藉由有限元素軟體LS-DYNA分析程式建構模擬一可變形、移動的衝擊台車垂直碰撞實車側面試驗，並探討人偶的頭部損傷係數。研究中並對側簾安全氣囊做設計改變，使改善車輛側撞安全性能。研究結果顯示，側簾氣囊形狀與厚度對人偶防護能力有顯著的影響。應用形狀與厚度最佳化，能提升氣囊對頭部損傷係數保護值43%，頭部最大加速度25.7%。

關鍵字

側碰撞；側簾安全氣囊；車輛安全；最佳化

並列摘要

The statistics from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that side-impact collisions are the second most common cause of serious vehicle accidents after frontal impact. Prior 1980s, without side curtain airbags equipped in vehicles, the passengers can easily get hurt during the side-impact collision. In early 1990s, side curtain airbags have become a key component of the occupant restraint system to the side impact safety. They reduce the severity of impact and prevent passengers, heads from injury. This study investigates the design of side-curtain airbags to improve vehicle side impact safety. The current paper uses a commercial finite element code, LS-Dyna, to simulate a mobile deformable barrier colliding vertically into a vehicle, based on the US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 214 (FMVSS214). The behaviors of the vehicle structure and the head injury index of the dummy during and after collisions are studies. The analysis results are correlated with those in the literatures to validate the accuracy of the simulation model and the side-curtain airbags are redesigned to improve the side impact performance of the vehicle. The results show that the thickness and shape of the side-curtain airbags have significant effects on the side impact safety. Improvement the optimal design provides 43% of head injury index, 25.7% of Maximum Head Acceleration.

並列關鍵字

Side Impact ； Side-curtain airbag ； Vehicle safety ； Optimization

參考文獻

1. D. F. Huelke, H. W. Sherman, J. L. Steigmeyer, “Side Impacts to the Passenger Compartment-Clinical Studies form Field Accident Investigations,” SAE Paper No.890379, 1989.

2. R. W. Hultman, T. G. Laske, C. C. Chou, G. G. Lim, E. I. Chrobak, M. T. Vecchio, “NHTSA Passenger Car Side Impact Dynamic Teat Procedure-Test-To-Test Variability Estimates,” SAE Paper No. 910603, 1991.

4. E. Miltner, H. J. Salwender, “Injury Severity of Restrained Front Seat Occpants In Car-To-Car Side Impacts,” University of Heidelberg, Germany, 1993.

5. M. H. Muser, G. Krabbel, U. Utzinger, V. Prescher, “Optimised Restraint Systems for Low Mass Vehicles,” SAE Paper No. 962435, 1996.

6. C. M. Farmer, E. R. Braver, E. L. Mitter, “Two-Vehicle side Impact Crashes: The Relationship of Vehicle and Crash Characteristics To Injury Severity,” Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, USA, 1996.

國際替代計量

應用汽車側簾安全氣囊改善車輛側撞安全性能

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