長途客運與捷運之車廂空氣品質研究及乘客意向調查

The Investigation and Passengers’ Survey of In-Vehicle Air Quality in Long-Distance Buses and Taipei Mass Rapid Transit

葉耀文(Yao-Wen Yeh)

指導教授 ： 曾昭衡

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究進行搭乘長途客運與台北捷運的乘客的問卷調查，分析國人對車廂內空氣品質的認知及感受，探討不同因子與車廂內空氣品質認知及需求之差異性以瞭解乘客對於此議題的重視程度。監測車廂內空氣污染物與其他相關研究作分析，並配合問卷結果比較其相關性。建立車廂內空氣污染物預估模式，以推估車廂內污染物CO2之濃度變化。而監測之車廂內空氣污染物項目，包括：二氧化碳 (CO2)、一氧化碳 (CO)、二氧化硫 (SO2)、二氧化氮 (NO2)、臭氧 (O3)、總揮發性有機化合物 (TVOC)、粗懸浮微粒 (PM10)、細懸浮微粒 (PM2.5)、甲醛 (HCHO)、溫度 (T)、及相對濕度 (RH)。長途客運與台北捷運各取三條路線，市區聯外長途客運路線以北、中、南部，比較其各縣市年載運量，並以台灣地區都會區為主；捷運路線以地表水平高程區分。
乘客問卷結果顯示，「長途客運」與「市區公車」車廂空氣品質為最差，且認為政府不夠重視車廂內空氣品質。倘若政府相關單位提出車廂內空氣品質之改善措施及法規規範，則有60%以上乘客願意配合。長途客運與台北捷運車廂內空氣品質之主要污染物為CO2，濃度範圍在500 ~ 3000 ppm。其次為NO2及O3，濃度範圍分別在0.05 ~ 0.46 ppm及0.01 ~ 0.15 ppm。以平均絕對百分誤差 (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE) 驗證其車廂空氣品質模式之CO2濃度推估值與監測值，其6條監測路線皆小於10%。且CO2為影響車廂內空氣品質之重要指標，濃度愈高，則乘客罹患疾病機率愈高。為了保護乘客之健康，故應適當管制車廂空氣品質。

關鍵字

長途客運 ； 捷運 ； 空氣品質 ； 乘客問卷

並列摘要

This research uses questionnaires to investigate passengers’ opinions about the air quality in long-distance buses and the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). Aspects stemming from the questionnaires include cognition and demand of in-vehicle air quality to understand passenger's attention degree to this topic. The results of the questionnaires are further substantiated by in-vehicle monitoring. Methodologically, this research sets up an estimation model for measuring in-vehicle air pollutants such as CO2 concentration. An extensive survey was conducted to measure the in-vehicle concentration of CO2, CO, SO2, NO2, O3, TVOC, PM10, PM2.5, HCHO, temperature, and relative humidity. Concerning the routes of the targeted transportations, this research divides the routes of long-distance buses and Taipei MRT into three types of routes, respectively. The former is investigated in terms of the annual amount of loading in the northern, central and southern metropolises of the island. The latter is examined in terms of the operation routes that include ground, underground, and mixed level.
From the passengers’ questionnaire results, the air quality of "long-distance bus" and "city bus" is the worst. Besides, there is insufficient attention on in-vehicle air quality from the government. If the government positively coordinate to set up the improvement measures and regulations of in-vehicle air quality, over 60% of passengers would willing to cooperate with the government. The major pollutant is CO2 of in-vehicle air quality in long-distance buses and Taipei MRT, between 500 and 3000 ppm (the range of concentration is from 500 to 3000 ppm). NO2 and O3 are next important pollutants which are ranged between 0.05 to 0.46 ppm and 0.01 to 0.15 ppm respectively. The MAPE was used to verify the estimate and observation of CO2 concentration on in-vehicle air quality model, six monitored routes are less than 10%. CO2 is important index that influence the in-vehicle air quality, higher concentration leads to higher possibility of infection for susceptible. In order to protect passengers’ health, it should control the in-vehicle air quality.

並列關鍵字

Long-Distance Bus ； Mass Rapid Transit ； Air quality ； Passengers’ questionnaire

參考文獻

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