使用超高電容之次混合動力機車控制與研究

Control and Study of Mild Hybrid Motorcycle with Ultracapacitor

周志正(Chih-Cheng Chou)

指導教授 ： 蕭耀榮

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

有鑑於機車於怠速和起步階段的油耗與空污情形，本研究以節省燃油消耗與減少空氣污染為出發點，考量機車成本之競爭力因素，將傳統機車之啟動馬達與發電機以啟動馬達發電機（ISG）系統取代，設計一種擁有傳統機車架構與混合動力機車特性之次混合動力機車（MHM）系統。MHM系統當車輛怠速時將引擎熄火，可解決機車怠速時的油耗浪費；起步時藉由ISG馬達模式負擔車輛低速之行駛動力，以避開引擎在低轉速下的低效率油耗與空污情形；另外車輛在減速階段，藉由ISG發電機模式將煞車時的動能轉換為電能，回充至儲能系統中。本研究使用超高電容與鉛酸電池搭配作為MHM之儲能系統，利用能量管理策略做儲能系統供電之決策；在本研究中對超高電容之特性進行充放電實驗，以求得超高電容在充放電下之動態電壓模式及其適當之參數。由於超高電容擁有瞬間大電流充放電之特性，利用其作為車輛起步之電能來源，可減少鉛酸電池功率峰值的輸出，達到延長電池壽命的目的。最後本研究以ECE40行車型態作模擬，探討MHM系統以類Mamdani模糊邏輯油門控制器控制結果與性能輸出表現，也分析儲能系統充放電情形與燃油消耗評估，並與傳統內燃機引擎機車之油耗做比較探討。

關鍵字

超高電容 ； 次混合動力機車 ； 模糊邏輯控制 ； 能量管理策略

並列摘要

Fuel consumption and air pollution in vehicle idling and starting are two important issues for vehicles.To have high fuel economy as well as low exhaust emission and cost , an innovative mild hybrid motorcycle (MHM) is proposed in this research. In the proposed MHM an integrated starter/ generator (ISG) is used instead of the individual starter and generator in a conventional motorcycle. The engine in a MHM will stop running if the MHM stops.The MHM is driven first for a short distance by the ISG, and then driven by the engine which is restarted by ISG. This strategy can keep the engine running on high efficiency and low emission region. Besides, in MHM deceleration the kinetic energy of MHM can be transformed into electric energy to battery through the ISG generator mode.This research uses ultra capacitor and lead-acid battery as the energy-storage elements.An energy management strategy decides which element to provide the needed energy.The characteristic of ultra capacitors are studied through charging / discharging experiments in this research. Then the dynamic models and parameters can be derived. The application of ultra capacitors can offer the desired high power for MHM in starting or accelerating. With the aids of ultra capacitors,MHM can have better acceleration performance and batteries in MHM can have longer life cycles.At the end of this research, the proposed MHM is simulated to follow ECE40 driving pattern.A fuzzy controller is also designed to control the power of MHM. Simulated MHM performance is discussed to analyze the charging of energy storage system. The fuel consumption of MHM is also discussed, and then compared with that of conventional motorcycles.

並列關鍵字

Ultracapacitor ； Mild Hybrid Motorcycle ； Fuzzy Logic Control ； Power Management strategy

參考文獻

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