醫療資訊系統(Medical Information system)開始普遍的使用在醫療院所中,不但是現代人們對於醫療品質的要求提高,更因為資訊化能夠提高工作效率與工作品質,而在一片資訊化的聲浪中除了從管理層面出發看到醫院員工的工作效率提昇,也希望知道醫院中最大的專業群體—護理人員所受到的衝擊為何。 本研究使用科技接受模型(TAM)的理論檢測護理人員對於所使用的資訊科技的態度為何,並進一步推導醫療資訊系統對於護理人員的專業角色影響;所檢測的影響因子為護理人員專業角色中的工作內容、溝通模式、專業自主權以及權力結構。 質化與量化的研究結果顯示護理人員的科技科接受程度普遍傾向高於平均數的程度,且不會因為醫療資訊系統的某些不完善處而影響到護理人員對於科技的接受態度。在專業角色方面護理資訊系統影響較大的為工作內容的部分,而其他則是透過工作內容的改變間接的有些許的改變,護理人員可能因為工作需要資訊化但在系統品質不盡完善而覺得工作變得較為繁瑣並且需要花較多的時間在一些事務性的工作上;在溝通的模式的改變,雖然護理資訊系統並沒有很直接的改變了原本的溝通模式,但是卻在無形間對於護理人員之間的溝通、護理人員與醫師、其他同仁甚至病人的關係上作了微妙的改變。從研究結果當中發現,護理人員可能因為透過互相分享使用心得與工作模式拉近了彼此的距離,也因為資訊化有一個正式的規則可循,讓學姊與學妹之間的教學活動變得更容易,與醫師的溝通上,則是分野成兩種不同的情形,在不使用電腦觀測病人數據的醫師,護理人員必須跟以往一樣跟醫師報告病人的特殊狀況;不同的是,會使用電腦看數據的醫師,電腦便取代了護理人員監測的功能。在專業自主權部分,從量化的研究發現醫療資訊系統並沒有對於專業自主權的改變有太大的影響,可能由於護理資訊系統雖然能夠幫助決策某些事情,但是對於比較重要的決定,還是得透過護理人員自行決策。 最後,護理資訊系統的運作也因為讓護理主管更容易掌控病人的病情進而了解護理人員對於治療的執行狀況,提昇了護理主管對於護理人員的工作掌握度與績效評核的速度。質化的訪談中發現其實護理人員本身的專業特性與醫院組織文化,也是影響護理專業角色與護理資訊系統運行與護理專業角色的重要因子之二,由於護理人員本身的專業特性帶有極強的利他性,在社會化的過程中將角色設定在符合組織期望的位置,在質化分析中發現,強烈的利他性色彩,讓護理人員自動的順服醫院所推行的政策,護理資訊系統的運行便是其中之一,也強烈的影響他們的角色行為。
Due to the higher request of modern people for medical quality and information technology can improve the efficeincy and quality of working, the medical informtation system starts to be used in a lot of hospitals. This paper uses the theory of TAM to examine the attitude of nursing staff for using IT and try to infer the impact of IT on nursing staff’s professional role. The examining factors are working content, communication models,professional decision-making power and power structure. The qualitatively and quantitatively results reveal that acceptting degree of nusing staff for IT is higher than average degree and some imperfect medical informational systems will not affect the nursing staff’s acceptting attitude of IT. In the part of professional role, the larger impact of medical information system is working content, nursing staff might feel woring becoming more minute and complicated due to the imperfect quality of system. In the part of communication models, although the original models are not directly changed by the nursing information systems. But some invisible changing has happened in the communication among nursing staffs, physicians and patients. The nursing staffs might shorten the distance between each other by sharing their feeling of using IT and the working model. In the part of professional decision-making power, the quantitatively results reveal that there is not a lot of impact by medical informational systems. Some nursing information systems might help some decisions, but the more important decisions still have to be made by nursing staffs themselves. The operation of nursing information systems makes the nursing manager controling the condition of patients more easier and improve the speed of criticizing performance. In the qualitatively results reveal that the professional character of nursing staffs and the culture of hospitals also effect the nursing professional role and the operation of nursing information systems. The strong altruistic character of nursing staffs makes them voluntarily obey the policy of hospitals including the implement of nursing information systems.