摘要 台灣人口稠密,居住空間狹窄擁擠,每年因火災所造成生命及財產之損失極為嚴重。火災行為中熱流之傳遞及毒煙之擴散的研究,相當重要,若能把火災模擬程式,應用在本土化火災,確實瞭解高溫火場之煙層流動、溫度變化,不但可預測有效安全逃生時間,並可節省全尺寸模擬的大量花費。本研究首先使用個人電腦程式之火災區域模式,分析強制通風和密閉之矩型區間,在低熱釋放率下之火場分佈、溫度分佈和煙層厚度。矩型空間為符合美國國家標準局研究火災引發流場之實驗建築結構,以木塊、甲醇為燃料,分析結果並與文獻之實驗數據做比較,以驗證模擬的合理性,同時應用CFD場模式計算火災溫度場和速度場之詳細分佈,來評估實際應用區域模式之可靠性,並且利用區域模式和場模式之觀念來分析國內實際的火災案例,有助於研究建築物火災時濃煙和溫度之流動特性,提出因應之道。研究火災案例分別為模擬在民國84年台北市巨星鑽KTV火災發生所造成13人死亡之嚴重事件和84年論情西餐廳火災發生所造成32人死亡之嚴重事件,來分析火災發生時之火場溫度分佈、濃煙分佈和煙層厚度等,所得之溫度場和濃煙場等,來預測有效安全逃生時間,同時分析相關參數對火災場之影響,其結果可提供消防安全設計與法規制定之參考。
ABSTRACT Fire simulation models can be divided into zone and field models. There have been many fire models developed for simulating building fires. Performance of several fire zone models-ASET,FIRST,FASTLite and CFAST (developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A.)in simulating forced ventilation fires are studied in this thesis. Also ,a popular computional fluid dynamic code-PHEONICS is used to perform field modeling of fires. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, some typical building fires occurred in Taiwan during the past few years are used as examples to test the capability of the fire simulation models. Qualitative and quantitative results are obtained to explore insight information regarding how to reduce/prevent the loss of human life and property