汽車表面塗裝業VOCs管制理論與實務

The Theoretical and Practical Study of Pollution Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Automobile Surface Coating Industry

吳樺光(Hua-Kuang Wu)

指導教授 ： 蘇 艾 ； 翁興中

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

在台灣，汽車表面塗裝業是關係著人們日常生活最重要的產業之一。汽車表面塗裝作業所產生之大部份污染物都為揮發性有機物，它們也幾乎都屬於有害的空氣污染物。因此，基於五個國家理論性的法規面考量，與二十四根煙囪實務性的檢測結果，本研究針對汽車表面塗裝業四家廠商所排放的揮發性有機物的空氣污染問題進行評估。
　以A, B, C, 及D為代碼的四家汽車表面塗裝業廠商，基於質量平衡法的排放量計算結果可以摘錄如下：
　1.四家廠商的排放量分別為663, 521, 55, 和337噸-VOCs�年，其對應的排放係數為107.24, 121.74, 106.02, 及86.65 g�m2。很明顯地，B廠的排放係數不能夠通過我們國家法規的檢視。其他兩廠，A廠與C廠，其排放係數也已接近於我們國家110 g�m2的法規上限值。
　2.這四家廠商的逸散排放量佔總排放量的百分比值平均為98.70。基於地球環境的保護與這些工廠員工健康的考量，其值實在是太大了，而不能被忽視。
　五個國家法規面的評估結果，最後可以進行彼此間的比較工作，並做成以下結論：
　1.除了我們國家與美國以外，到現在為止，其他三個國家(日本、荷蘭、及中國大陸)都尚未建立特別的法規，來進行汽車表面塗裝業VOCs排放量的污染控制。在這三個國家裡，適用於所有產業的單一排放標準被使用來監控汽車表面塗裝業的製程操作。
　2.本研究四家廠商所有的煙囪排放量均能通過中國大陸與荷蘭法規標準的檢視。
　3.在我們國家裡，有3個法規條文被使用來監控汽車表面塗裝業的製程操作。第一個條文規定是空氣污染控制設施的VOCs削減率必須高於90%。第二個條文規定是單位表塗面積的VOCs排放量不得超過110克/平方米。第三個條文規定是煙囪的VOCs排放濃度不得超過60毫克/立方米。本研究的四家工廠經過前述三個條文的檢視結果顯示：(1)工廠B無法通過上述第一個與第二個條文的法規標準；(2)工廠D也無法通過上述第三個條文的法規標準。
　4.美國汽車表面塗裝業的法規已將VOCs逸散型排放量考慮進去。因此，其排放量的最大合法上限值是0.49 公斤-VOCs/升-塗料。經過評估以後，本研究發現：工廠A無法通過前述的排放標準。
　5.我們國家汽車表面塗裝業的法規尚未考慮逸散型排放量。因此，修正我國的法規來考慮汽車表面塗裝業的VOCs逸散型排放量，這應是一項很有意義的工作。

關鍵字

汽車表面塗裝業 ； 揮發性有機物 ； 質量平衡法 ； 排放量 ； 排放係數

並列摘要

The automobile surface coating industry is one of the most important industries related to the people’s daily life in Taiwan. The most pollutants of the surface coating operations of this industry are the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They are also almost the hazardous air pollutants. Therefore, based on the theoretical rule considerations of the five countries and the practical testing results of 24 stacks, the air pollution problems of volatile organic compounds emitted by the four factories of the automobile surface coating industry are evaluated in this study.
　Based on the mass balance method, the computed results of the emission rates of the four factories coded by A, B, C, and D of the automobile surface coating industry can be summarized in the following :
　1.The emission rates are respectively 663, 521, 55, and 337 ton-VOCs/year. Their corresponding emission factors are 107.24, 121.74, 106.02, and 86.65 g/m2. Obviously, the emission factor of factory B cannot pass the examinations of the regulations of our country. The emission factors of the other two factories, i.e., factory A and factory C, have also approached 110 g/m2, which is the upper limit of the regulations of our country.
　2.The average percentage of the fugitive emission rates related to the total emission rates of these 4 factories is 98.70. It is really too large to be disregarded based on the protection of the earth environments and the healthy consideration of the employees of these factories.
　The results evaluated respectively by the rules of the 5 countries can finally be compared among the 5 countries. The following conclusions can then be found :
　1.Except our country and the United States, up to now, the other 3 countries (Japan, Netherlands, and Mainland China) have not constructed the special regulations of the pollution control of the VOCs emission rate of the automobile surface coating industry. In these 3 countries, the regulations of the single emission standard for all industries are employed to monitor the process operation of the automobile surface coating industry.
　2.The all stack emission rates of these 4 factories pass the regulations of Mainland China and Netherlands.
　3.In our country, 3 rules are employed to monitor the process operation of the automobile surface coating industry. The first rule is about the VOCs reduction rate of the air pollution control facility. Its lowest limit is 90%. The second rule is about the VOCs emission factor, i.e., the emission rate of the unit surface coating area. Its maximum limit is 110 g/m2. The third rule is about the emission concentration of VOCs. Its maximum limit is 60 mg/Nm3. For these 4 factories, the results examined by the above three rules present that (1) the reduction rate and the emission factor of factory B cannot pass the above both first rule and second rule；(2)the emission concentration of factory D cannot also pass the above third rule.
　4.For the regulations of the automobile surface coating industry in the United States, the fugitive emission rates are considered. Thus, the maximum legal limit of the emission rate in the United States is 0.49 kg-VOCs/L-Coating. After evaluation, it can be found that factory A cannot pass the above limit.
　5.In our country, the fugitive VOCs emission rates have not been considered in the regulations of the automobile surface coating industry. Thus, it should be a very significant work for our country to correct our regulations to concern the fugitive VOCs emission rates of the automobile surface coating industry.

並列關鍵字

Automobile Surface Coating Industry ； Volatile Organic Compounds ； Mass Balance Method ； Emission Rate ； Emission Factor

參考文獻

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