揮發性有機物排放特徵與控制減量之研究-以石化業與半導體業為例

A Study on Characteristics and Reduction of VOC Emission - the Examples of Petrochemical and Semiconductor Industries

張峻熏(Chun-Hsun Chang)

指導教授 ： 許逸群

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究以石化業及半導體業行業排放管道實際檢測為主，引用台灣地區排放源資料庫(Taiwan Emission Databases, TEDs)套用至國外指紋資料庫（FIRE6.25），彙整污染源之製程特性、原物料、實測濃度值，歸納出行業別進行VOCs指紋建檔，討論資料庫套用合理性評估。依據現行污染源排放資料庫數據，配合污染源分類碼（Source Classify Code）及細項有機污染物排放換算，建構固定源VOCs排放清單，並配合有機污染源實際檢測VOCs，進而與國外資料庫比對製程差異，建立本土化排放係數。此外，為了解控制設備及VOCs排放量之關係，藉由前述實測之防制設備處理效率，探討減量之可行性。
研究結果顯示，援引FIRE資料庫推估排放量嚴重低於TEDs資料庫(FIRE：7.52 ton/yr，TEDs：233.8 ton/yr)，主因為FIRE資料庫建構尚未完整，查詢不到部分製程對應之物種排放係數，導致VOCs總排放量低估。依據TEDs與FIRE資料庫排放量推估差異性比較，以塑膠製品製造業差異程度最大，高達90 %，亦有差異較小之行業別，如合成樹脂及塑膠製造業，差異程度20 %；推估石化產業(塑膠製品製造業、合成樹脂及塑膠製造業、化學製品製造業)，其固定污染源特徵物種，主要VOCs特徵污染物以苯(Benzene)、甲醛(Formaldehyde)、荼(Naphthalene)、甲苯(Toluene)為主。
TEDs資料庫中特定行業基本資料亦是缺失嚴重，製程使用之設備、原物料不清楚，致估算排放源排放量時產生誤差，如電子業、汽車零件製造業；彙整實測煙道資料，估算VOCs排放量與資料庫資料有些差異，TEDs 6.0資料庫有低估之可能性，因此藉由實測建立本土化排放係數，主要來源物種:電子業(甲苯)、化學製品製造業(甲苯、丙烯晴) 、石油化工原料製造業(甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)、塑膠製品製造業(甲苯、苯、戊烷、丙烯晴)。比對國內外排放係數差異性頗大，其因製程使用原物料、防制設備、活動強度及產量之差異，所導致形成。
此外，藉由防制設備使用情形探討減量，在現行空污法下考量各廠集氣設備、處理前後效率、成本及效益，防治設備去除效率以蓄熱式燃燒器最好，其次為活性碳吸附設備、填充式洗滌塔、濕式洗滌塔。此外，工廠原物料之使用、選用處理效果良好之防制設備，可降低VOCs排放係數值，進而降低VOCs廢氣排放量。

關鍵字

台灣排放源資料庫 ； 排放管道檢測 ； 排放量推估 ； 污染源分類碼 ； 揮發性有機物減量

並列摘要

This research focused on practical examinations of emission pipelines of the petrochemical industry and the semiconductor industry. The authors have applied Taiwan Emission Databases (TEDs) to the overseas fingerprint information System (FIRE6.25) mechanically and induct the process specifics of the pollutant, the original material, and the density value. Therefore, the research not only established fingerprint files on the VOCs from their profession classification also discussed the rationality of data system using. Based on present data of TEDs with Source Classify Code and reducing from weight percentage of organic pollutant emission, we built up local emission factors, and examined VOCs from main organic pollutant practically, then compared with oversea data system to understand the variety. Furthermore, it investigated the efficiency of treatment equipment and discussed feasibility of the reduction for understanding treatment equipment and the relations with the VOCs.
The findings showed that estimated amount of emission of the FIRE Data System is much lower than the TEDs (FIRE:7.52 ton/yr, TEDs:233.8 ton/yr). Since the Fire database is not complete yet, it lacks of the VOCs statistics for some process and leads to underestimate the overall emission of VOCs. According to the diversity estimation between TEDs and the FIRE Data System, the results display that the differences of plastic product manufacturing industry is the biggest, as high as 90%. Besides, the results also has the smallest difference, 20%, in certain small profession field like synthetic resin and plastic product manufacturing industry. From the study we can figure out that the main VOCs pollutant substances contained benzene, formaldehyde, bitter edible plant, toluene as the commaon source in petrochemical industry.
Owing to the deficient background information of certain profession field, like the equipment used during the manufacturing and the raw material, it could bring about the inaccuracy outcome while estimate emissions such as result of electronics, auto parts manufacturing. Surveying all the flue material data, the difference between VOCs emissions and TEDs 6.0 database displayed we might tend to underestimate TEDs 6.0 database. Consequently it is vital to set up the local emission database by measure authentic emissions from the important source, for example, Electronics industry (toluene), chemical product manufacturing industry (toluene, propylene clear), petroleum industrial chemicals manufacturing industry (toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene), and revertex product manufacturing industry (toluene, benzene, pentane, propylene clear). Comparing with local and oversea emission factors, diversity of production materials, difference of treatment equipment, discrepancy of working strengh and product amounts affect the resultant emission factors.
In addition, exploring the use of control equipment figure out the decrement way. Considering various factors around factories gathering of gas equipment, the before and after efficiency, the cost and the benefit, , the Regenerative Combustion System, the best prevent and control equipment, which has elimination efficiency, next follows Activated Carbon Adsorption Equipment, Packing Type Tower Scrubber, Wet Tower Scrubber. Also, use of the factory original material, selects the factories installed air pollution treatment equipment have lower emission factors of VOCs, then reduces the VOCs waste gas withdrawal.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Emission Database ； Stacks ； Emission estimate ； Source Classify Code ； Volatile Organic Compounds Reduction

參考文獻

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