組裝次序與加工次序之整合規劃研究─應用基因演算法

Planning and Evaluation of Integrated Machining and Assembly Sequences Using Genetic Algorithms

林吉宏(Chi-Hung Lin)

指導教授 ： 鄭元杰 博士

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

過去製程規劃的研究乃是個別地考慮組裝次序規劃或加工次序規劃的問題，而忽略組裝與加工之間的關連性。由於部份組件在設計時，一些精度、公差與技術等限制的考量，無法在元件的組裝過程中達到要求，故須對元件組裝成的半成品或成品做再加工的操作，此時組件的組裝次序裡就摻入加工操作的限制，使得組件的次序規劃成為組裝次序與加工次序混合的問題。亦即無法先規劃個別元件的加工次序，再規劃元件與元件之間的組裝次序，而必須對組件的組裝次序與加工次序作同時規劃的考量，因此有必要在規劃階段對組件的組裝次序與加工次序做一整合規劃與分析評估
。
本研究主要是以圖基法(Graph-based Approach)來建立產品的階層組裝在先圖(Hierarchical Assembly Precedence Graph, HAPG)與組件操作元素圖(Assembly Operator Element Graph, AOEG) 。接著，本研究提出一操作成本函數(Operation Cost Function, OCF)來分析評估組件的組裝與加工操作成本，並應用基因演算法(Genetic Algorithms, GA)搜尋組件的最佳組裝次序與加工次序。
本研究目的是針對元件組裝成半成品或成品後，需要對半成品或成品做再加工操作的次序規劃問題，發展一套有系統的方法與成本評估指標，找出成本最低之整合組裝與加工次序，使得組件的組裝與加工操作成本為最低。

關鍵字

組裝次序 ； 加工次序 ； 基因演算法

並列摘要

In current process planning approaches, assembly sequence planning and machining sequence planning are performed individually. The relationships between assembly and machining have been ignored in the past. In design of some assembly parts, some precision, tolerance, and technique requirements, can not be completed during the assembly process. It is required to machine a subassembly formed by assembling a group of parts. Also, a machining process maybe needed to machine some portions of a completely assembled product. Therefore, the assembly sequence needs to be mixed with machining sequence and there may exist interactions between assembly and machining. Thus, the evaluation and analysis of assembly and machining sequences must be considered simultaneously in the planning phase.
In this research, a graph-based approach is used to establish a hierarchical assembly precedence graph and assembly operation element graph. Then, several operation cost functions are developed to evaluate the assembly and machining cost. The genetic algorithms are applied to search the best solution. The integrated assembly and machining sequences are analyzed and the lowest cost can be evaluated using the genetic algorithms. The cost functions include accessibility cost, stability cost, parallelism cost, workstation cost, machine operation cost, tool cost, tool change cost, setup cost, movement cost and clustering cost.
The objective of this research is developed a systematic method to solve the integrated assembly and machining problem and to find the minimum cost of an assembly part.

並列關鍵字

assembly sequences ； machining sequences ； genetic algorithms

參考文獻

[1] 劉立晟，「方形組件之組裝次序與加工次序之整合分析與評估」，私立元智大學，碩士論文，民國八十六年。

[2] Bertolotto, M., Bruzzone, E., Floriani, L. D. and Nagy, G., "Generating assembly and machining sequences from the face-to-face composition model", Computer-Aides Design, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 101-112, 1996.

[5] Chu, C. P. and Gadh, R., "Feature-based approach for set-up minimization of process design from product design", Computer-Aided Design, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 321-332, 1996.

[7] Davis, L., editor, Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1987.

[8] Derek, Y. and Debasish, D., "A genetic algorithm application for sequencing operations in process planning for parallel machining", IIE Transaction, vol. 28, pp. 55-68, 1996.