近年來,由於全球化經濟市場結構的快速轉變以及競爭激烈的環境下,企業所面臨的競爭壓力與日俱增,為了保有競爭力,企業的競爭策略已轉變為以顧客需求為導向的產品設計與製造為主;在此製造趨勢下,為了有效地縮短產品開發的過程,企業已逐漸走向以跨區域多人參與產品設計與開發以及跨廠製造,因此合作開發成為必然的趨勢。而為了迎合眾多顧客需求,產品必須不斷地求新求變,因此設計變更成為無可避免且必要發生的過程。而設計變更管理為產品研發過程的重要環節,良好與適當的設計變更管理系統將有助於研發時間的減少與成本的降低。因此本研究將在協同設計與跨廠製造環境下,針對單一產品設計變更方案評估,提出一套以層級程序分析法評估變更方案之模式,並針對執行設計變更方案後之變更總成本,提出一線性規劃模式以求得變更後對於成本之影響。 本研究建構兩階段之評估模式,以解決協同設計下,設計變更方案評估的問題。第一階段根據零件間之關聯性建立其零件關聯矩陣,當執行設計變更方案進行初始零組件變更時,即可藉此零件關聯矩陣圖得知初始變更零組件對其他零組件所造成變更之影響範圍與程度,並求得到變更零件間之關聯值,進而運用層級程序分析法建立設計變更方案之層級結構與評估準則,求出各設計變更方案之優先權重值,以變動其他零件最少、總關聯值最小為目標,最後得到最佳可行方案。第二階段將藉由第一階段得到最佳可行方案之所有變更零組件資料,利用線性規劃模式進行變更方案成本評估模式,以總設計時間最小化與總變更成本最小化為目標,求出協同跨廠下變更方案之變更總成本,以得到變更零組件所有設計人員、製程加工之廠區與變更評估結果,提供決策者作為參考依據。
In current years, because of rapid changes in the global financial market and the fierce competitive environment, companies are facing increasing pressure to maintain their competitiveness. Because of this, many companies’ business strategy has already changed to focus more on customer orientated product design and production. To shorten the product development procedure effectively, companies gradually move towards on the multi-members design of cross region and the multi-plants manufacture industry. To satisfy the requirements of different customers, products need to be developed continuously and therefore design change has become a necessary procedure. Design change management has become an essential part of product research and development. A good and efficient design change management system will help to reduce development time and cost. Under the concept of “Collaborative Design”, the purpose of this study is to develop an integrated evaluation model with AHP and linear model in order to understand the influence after design change. This study develops a two stages evaluation model. The first stage is based on the matrix of parts to find out the coverage after design change. AHP is then utilized to evaluate the priority of design-changed scheme to achieve the final best solution. With the result achieved at the first stage, the second stage is to minimise the design cost, communication cost, manufacturing cost, material cost and delivery cost to obtain the evaluation for designer, the manufacturers and combine factories. This way we can provide reference of factories engineering change to decision makers and managers.