台灣國際物流業導入RFID系統之應用探討

Discussion on Application of RFID System in Taiwan International Logistics

許芷菱(Chih-Ling Hsu)

指導教授 ： 湯玲郎

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

由於國家環境及天然資源的差異，企業不再侷限於本地的生產及行銷，基於區域互補原則而佈局全球，形成一種產業國際價值鏈，造就國際分工及企業全球化的趨勢，在這種國際化企業經營的驅使下，國際物流管理相對來的重要。另一方面，自從911事件發生，國際間貨物運輸的安全更被嚴格的要求須符合法令規定，供應鏈安全管理的議題亦逐漸被重視。
企業的利潤來源，一方面來自銷售額的增加、一方面來自成本降低，因此降低物流成本可增加所得利潤。無線射頻辨識系統（RFID），是近幾年非常熱門的資訊科技，利用無線傳輸資料的技術原理，可以創造許多價值與效果，目前除公領域的積極推動之外，更廣泛的被應用在不同的產業。本研究主要以個案研究方式來探討RFID在國際物流業上的應用，一方面就國際物流、RFID、關鍵成功因素及競爭優勢相關文獻，歸納整理出概念性架構，再以深度訪談及內容分析兩種研究方法，對國內三家試驗性導入於國際物流案例的計畫關係人，實際進行深入訪談，並輔以次級資料之內容綜合分析，歸納出 RFID應用於國際物流的最佳模式為何及其產出的效益對企業競爭優勢的影響，期望研究結果能作為未來導入的參考和建議。期許物流業者可以藉由RFID應用，以提供企業更完善、更優質的服務以增加顧客價值進而提高顧客滿意度與競爭力。
經本研究於國內個案分析及整理，可顯示RFID技術應用於國際物流作業原則上是可行的，但在執行面上卻有國際標準未統一之問題。另外，國際物流的作業範圍較廣，在導入前應縝密及審慎評估各種環境和人員作業習慣所帶來的影響和干擾，再以專案實施流程執行RFID應用，俾可得到預期效益，然企業欲成功導入RFID技術，須經過三個主要步驟：1.企業應用情境、建置可行性與解決方案的研討階段；2.RFID試行的規劃與設計階段；3.整體規劃與正式執行階段。另外還有持續改善階段，此階段屬於輔助性質，重點在不斷回饋改善以得最佳運作模式。

關鍵字

國際物流 ； RFID ； 競爭優勢 ； 關鍵成功因素

並列摘要

As the difference of national environment and natural resources, basing on the principle of regional complementarities, the production and marketing of enterprises are not limited to the local place but the world, which shapes an international value chain and forms international division of labor and globalization. Driven by the internationalization of enterprise operation, the management of international logistics is relatively important. On the other way, the international freight shipment must strictly comply with the stipulations of relating decrees since September 11th incident, so safety management of supply chain is gradually paid attention to.
There are two resources of enterprise profits: one is sales increase, another cost reduction; so reduction of logistics cost can increase profits. RFID is the very hot information technology in recent years, which can create plenty of values and effects by application of principle of wireless transmission. Currently besides the public domain, it is broadly applied in various industries. The study is to discuss the application of RFID in the international logistics by adopting case study method. On one way, it will sum up the conceptual framework by analyzing the documents of international logistics, RIFD, key successful factors and competitive edge, and then it will summarize what the best model of RFID application in the international logistics is and influence of its output on the competitive edge of enterprise by adopting depth interview and content analysis—make depth interview with the domestic planners of three enterprises who are responsible for introducing trial international logistics together with comprehensive analysis of secondary data. The author expects that the study will be taken as reference and advice of future introduction of RFID and the logistics corporations provide more complete and excellent service for clients to further enhance clients’ satisfaction and competitiveness by application of RFID.
After analysis and sorting of domestic cases, the study domesticates that to apply RFID in the international logistics can be operated principally, but the problem is that there is not a unified international standard. Besides, as the range of international logistics is broad, before introduction, its influence and interference on the working environments and operating habits of staff must be evaluated carefully and prudently, and application of RFID is executed in accordance with the project implementation process, and then it will bring the expected benefits to the enterprise. However, if the enterprise desires to introduce RFID successfully, it must pass through three main stages: 1. discussion stage about application environment of enterprise, feasibility and resolution; 2. planning and design stage of trial implementation of RFID; 3. integral planning and formal operation stage. Additionally, there is a continuous improvement stage, which plays a supplementary role and mainly feedbacks improvement to realize the best operation model.

並列關鍵字

Internatuonal Logistics ； RFID ； Competitive Advantage ； Key Successful Factor

參考文獻

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