女性大陸地區配偶就業歷程之探討

現階段的台灣，兩岸交流日益頻繁，加上彼此經濟、社會、文化等因素，女性大陸地區配偶於近幾年逐漸攀升，其所延伸之各種相關問題更是成為當前極待解決的重要課題。對於長期生活在台灣的女性大陸地區配偶而言，其在就業市場中仍會被冠上社會既有的污名，在就業部分亦受到諸多限制。而在此之中，分別處於不同情境的女性大陸地區配偶，其在台的就業歷程、影響就業的因素、個人的就業經驗與面臨的就業困境可能有所不同，是故，本研究所欲探討的對象包括處於弱勢與優勢情境中的女性大陸地區配偶。　　本文旨在探討女性大陸地區配偶在台之就業歷程，並分析影響其就業的因素、就業狀況與困境，以及對就業服務資訊了解程度與使用就業服務的意願。除藉由文獻分析可能原因外，另考量研究議題與對象之特殊性與探索性質，加上就業歷程屬於一動態過程，故而採用質性研究設計，並使用深入訪談法，針對十一名女性大陸地區配偶進行研究。研究者須符合以下條件：（一）目前或曾經有就業經驗的女性大陸地區配偶；（二）有就業意願但目前沒有就業的女性大陸地區配偶。。　　本研究從女性大陸配偶就業歷程的整體面探討，將其來台後的就業歷程分為三個時期：就業摸索期、就業適應其、就業穩定期。三個時期的就業原因雖皆出自於「幫助家中經濟」，但深入探討其中原因發現其實最主要的因素是因為他們「對於金錢缺乏安全感」。此外，在女性大陸地區配偶的就業歷程中，不論是就業原因、就業資訊取得方式或離職原因，皆會隨著來台生活時間的長短及個人的就業經驗而有所不同，並且在就業的選擇上仍是以夫家或自己的家庭為優先考量因素。另外，女性大陸地區配偶嫁來台灣的夫家狀況呈現兩極化的現象，因而明顯區分出處於不同情境下者，其所從事的就業類型即有所不同，所需要的就業服務亦不相同。根據上述研究結果，研究者針對「政府部門」、「服務方案規劃」、「大陸地區配偶家庭」、「個人本身」與「未來研究」等五個部分，分別提出具體的建議，以供日後參考。

關鍵字

大陸地區配偶；就業歷程；就業因素；就業障礙；就業服務

並列摘要

At the present stage of Taiwanese and Chinese relations, cross-strait exchanges have become more frequent, with mutual economic, social and cultural factors, and marriage to women from mainland China has gradually risen in recent years. For the entire existence of women from China married to men from Taiwan ("mainland spouses"), they have faced prejudice in the job market, branded with various stigma by society, and some were also subject to many restrictions. Mainland spouses vary in their employment history in Taiwan, the factors that affect employment, personal experience, and actual work experience. This study is to objectify the advantages, and disadvantages of the situation for mainland spouses. This study aims to explore the employment process of mainland spouses, and analyzes the factors affecting their employment, employment conditions and difficulties, as well as information on employment services, use of knowledge about the will. In Addition to the literature, through the analysis of possible reasons, consideration of other issues and exploration of the nature of the subject through in-depth interview, coupled with the employment process is a dynamic process and therefore qualitative research design. Eleven women qualifying as mainland spouses were studied. The subjects chosen had to meet the following requirements: (a) is or was a mainland spouse; (b) seeking employment in Taiwan to no avail. The employment of mainland spouses faces a whole process, after their employment history in Taiwan is divided into three periods: trial period of employment, employment to adapt to their employment, and the stable period. Although the reasons for the three periods of employment are to "help the family economy", but the reasons for the discussions of the most important factor is the fact that because they "lack job security for the money. " In addition, the mainland spouses’ employment process, whether it is job hunting, employment information or reasons for departure, will come to Taiwan to live with them for the rest of their lives, and potential employers still have her husband or his family as a priority consideration. In addition, mainland spouses present a polarized state, which clearly distinguish those who are in different situations, that while they engage in different types of employment, employment services needed is not the same. Based on these results, the results were categorized into five parts, "Government Departments", "Service Programming", "Mainland Spouse’s Family", "Individual Profiles" and "Future Research" create a concrete proposal for future reference .