台灣籍與大陸籍婦女於妊娠期間心理壓力與社會支持之比較—以高雄地區為例

懷孕歷程是人生最獨特的經驗，隨著個人經歷及不同的文化有其特有的詮釋。然而，此些詮釋影響著一個家庭的演進與新生命的健康發展，因此必須投予最大的關注。本研究的目的即是在探討台灣籍與大陸籍孕婦，於妊娠期間心理壓力與社會支持的情況及其異同，以為孕期健康照護之參考。採橫斷性研究設計，以結構式問卷於高雄地區進行收案，以研究台灣籍與大陸籍孕婦之心理壓力與社會支持程度。運用個人基本資料調查表、孕期心理壓力量表以及孕期社會支持量表等研究工具，以立意取樣的方式，取得台灣籍孕婦173位、大陸籍孕婦74位之研究樣本數。研究結果發現，在孕期心理壓力部分：構成孕婦心理壓力之因素可分為四大類，包括為調適家庭關係改變與尋求支持體系而引發之壓力感、為認同母親角色而引發之壓力感、為身體心像改變而引發之壓力感，以及為確保母子健康及安全而引發之壓力感等；其中，構成台灣籍孕婦心理壓力最主要的因素為身體心像改變而引發之壓力感，其壓力程度為稍微有之程度（Mean±SD＝2.09± .61），大陸籍孕婦則是為確保母子健康及安全而引發之壓力感，壓力程度介於完全沒有至稍微有之間（Mean±SD＝1.63± .44）；且其預測因子，在台灣籍孕婦有源自於家庭成員之情緒性與實質性的社會支持、婆媳關係、語言能力、孕次、生活適應等因子，大陸籍孕婦則有源自於家庭成員之情緒性與實質性的社會支持、教育程度、宗教信仰等。在孕期社會支持部分：構成孕婦社會支持之因素，可分為二大類，包括友誼之情緒性與訊息性支持，以及家庭成員之情緒性與實質性支持等，且兩族群主要的社會支持來源皆為源自於家庭成員之情緒性與實質性支持；支持程度皆是介於大部分是與總是之間。依據研究結果顯示，了解孕婦的需要以及強化家庭功能是非常重要的；唯有了解其關注內容，才能提供適切的護理，並以家庭為單位，提供家庭成員所關注的護理內容，以提升家庭孕期照護知能，裨益婦女孕期生活品質。

關鍵字

孕期心理壓力；孕期社會支持；跨文化護理

並列摘要

Pregnancy, which has its particular interpretations with personal experiences and different culture, is the most unique experience in lifetime. However, the interpretations of pregnancy affect the evolution of a family and the healthy development of a new life, so we should pay most attention to them. The purpose of this study is to explore the conditions and demonstrate the differences of pregnancy stress and pregnancy social support between Taiwanese and Chinese pregnant women and I hope the results of this study can provide suggestions for pregnancy health care. The survey was done in Kaohsiung area by cross-sectional designs and constructed questionnaires. The research instruments that I applied in this study are the demographic data questionnaires, the revised Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale and the revised Pregnancy Social Support Scale. Through the purposive sampling, the sample size that I acquired was 173 Taiwanese women and 74 Chinese women. The results manifest: as to the pregnancy stress, four elements that cause pregnant women’s stress are from adjusting to family relationship, searching for a supportive system, identifying maternal role, and caring about bodily change and seeking safe passage for themselves and their children; among which the main element that cause stress on Taiwanese women is the one from caring about bodily change, and the level of stress is slight ( Mean ± SD = 2.09 ± .61 ), while it is seeking safe passage for themselves and their children through pregnancy to Chinese women, and the level ranges between slight to none for them ( Mean ± SD = 1.63 ± .44 ). As to the pregnancy social support, there are two categories of social support for pregnant women: one is emotional support and informational support from friends, and the other is emotional support and instrumental support from family; the same major source that form the social support of both groups is emotional support and instrumental support from family, and the level lies between almost and always. According to the results, it is very important to understand pregnant women’s need and reinforce family function. The proper nursing can be provided only when understanding these women’s concern. Base on the family, providing the nursing that the family are concerned about will increase the pregnancy care in family so as to benefit the living quality during pregnancy.