- 學位論文
殊途同歸的主觀幸福感測量：中文版主觀快樂量表與多向度主觀幸福感量表之收斂效度再驗研究
Different Roads Lead to the Same Goal: A Stronger Test on the Convergence between Chinese Version of Subjective Happiness Scale (CSHS) and Multidimensional Subjective Well-Being Scale (MSWBS)
摘要
快樂（Happiness）從古至今一直是一門顯學。在學術研究中，多以主觀幸福感（Subjective Well-Being, SWB）定義快樂，並採用多向度主觀幸福感（Multidimensional subjective well-being, MSWB）取向進行測量。而後Lyubomirsky與Lepper（1999）提倡以整體測量取向來評估個體的快樂程度，並發展主觀快樂量表（Subjective Happiness scale, SHS）。理論上，兩種測量所測得之心理構念似乎相同，而實際上真是如此嗎？Chien等人（2020）將SHS翻譯成繁體中文版並驗證其信效度，發現多向度主觀幸福感量表（MSWBS）和主觀快樂量表（SHS）之間的聚斂效度呈高度相關（.90以上），說明兩種工具很可能反映相同構念。然而，兩者相關的證據力可能不足。因此，本研究欲採用更嚴格的策略再驗MSWBS與SHS間的聚斂效度，以補強快樂與主觀幸福感可互換之證據。此外，本研究也邀請非學生族群參與，以再驗中文版主觀快樂量表（CSHS）之信效度，將量表的適用對象擴展至非學生族群。本研究問卷採用紙本和線上發放方式，共招募507位填答者（有效樣本468位），問卷內容包含主觀快樂量表、多向度主觀幸福感量表（包含生活滿意度量表、正、負向情緒量表）、Rosenberg自尊量表、Big-Five mini-markers人格特質量表的外向性及神經質分量表、感恩量表、UCLA孤獨感量表、以及人際和諧量表。結果顯示，CSHS具有好的內部一致性信度及再測信度，而驗證性因素分析顯示單因子模型適配。多群組驗證性因素分析結果顯示，無論是在不同性別或不同職業別（學生與非學生），CSHS皆具有測量恆等性。此外，MSWBS與SHS之聚斂效度呈現高度相關（.90以上），且兩者與各SWB相關變項（包括自尊、外向性、神經質、感恩、孤獨感、人際和諧）的相關係數皆達顯著，且係數間沒有顯著差異。整體來說，MSWBS與SHS所測量的應為相同之心理構念，即意味著快樂和主觀幸福感具有高度的可互換性。此外，除了大學生族群，CSHS亦適用於一般社會人士的非學生族群。最後，討論本研究的限制與未來方向。
並列摘要
Happiness has long been an important and popular research topic since the ancient times. In past researches, Subjective well-being (SWB) was often used to define happiness, and multidimensional subjective well-being (MSWB) approach was adopted to measure one’s SWB. Subsequently, Lyubomirsky and Lepper (1999) suggested a global approach to assess one’s degree of happiness, and developed the Subjective Happiness scale (SHS). Theoretically, the psychological constructs behind two approaches appear to be identical; however, do they actually represent same psychological construct? Chien et al. (2020) translated the SHS into a traditional Chinese version (CSHS) and confirmed reliability and validity; besides, they examined the convergent validity between MSWB scale (MSWBS) and SHS, and found that two measures were highly correlated (above .90), meaning that MSWBS and SHS are very likely to reflect the same construct. However, their evidence may not be strong enough. Therefore, this article aimed to provide stronger evidence through a stronger test to re-examine the interchangeability between MSWBS and SHS. In addition, this study also re-examined the reliability and validity of the CSHS, in order to expand the application of CSHS to non-student group. Through either a paper-based or an online questionnaire, a total of 507 participants (valid N = 468) completed the CSHS, the MSWBS (including life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the Big-Five mini-markers scale (including extraversion and neuroticism subscale), the Gratitude Questionnaire, the UCLA loneliness scale, and the interpersonal harmony scale. The results showed that the CSHS had adequate internal consistent reliability and test–retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) result showed that its one-factor model was adequate fit. Multigroup CFA supported the measurement invariance of CSHS between gender groups as well as between occupation groups. Besides, the convergent validity between MSWBS and SHS were highly correlated (above .90) and both of them were significantly correlated to each correlate variable (i.e. self-esteem, extraversion, neuroticism, gratitude, loneliness, and interpersonal harmony), and their correlations with the same correlate variable all showed no significant difference. The results provided evidence that MSWBS and SHS may reflect the same psychological construct, that is, happiness and SWB are highly interchangeable. Besides, the CSHS is applicable not only to college student group but also to non-student group. Finally, the limitations and future directions are discussed.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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