照顧服務員搬運病患之人因評估

The Ergonomic Assessment of Transferring Patients in Caregivers

韓伊芙(Yi-Fu Hon)

指導教授 ： 彭瓊瑜

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/職業安全衛生研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

隨著人口老化，慢性疾病增加，照顧服務員的需求也日益增加，照顧服務員最常發生不舒適部位為下背，相關文獻已證實搬運病患工作是造成照顧服務員下背痛的主要原因。本研究透過問卷調查了解照顧服務員肌肉骨骼不適現況及搬運病患情況，並藉由運動學測量評估不同輪椅擺放角度（45°、90°）與不同搬運高度（往上搬運、相同高度搬運、往下搬運）在搬運病患時對於身體姿勢上與自覺費力所造成的影響，進而提供照顧服務員在搬運病患技巧上之參考。
研究結果顯示，照顧服務員與實驗受測者一致為下背/腰部及肩膀最多人感到不舒適，皆較喜愛往下搬運或相同高度搬運方式。實驗受測者較喜好輪椅擺放90度角，照顧服務員則較喜好45度。輪椅擺放45度角會造成姿勢趨向彎姿且較費力，往上搬運最為費力，往下搬運時身體傾向彎姿。建議搬運病患時，應以相同搬運高度或往下搬運方式，輪椅擺放角度可視搬運空間而定，並建議以蹲姿法來搬運病患，可透過使用調整式病床、適當的防護具或教育訓練介入來改善搬運技巧。

關鍵字

照顧服務員 ； 搬運病患 ； 高度 ； 角度

並列摘要

A great demand of caregivers increases with steady rise in aging population and people with chronic diseases. Many researches found that moving patient was the major cause of low back pain of caregivers. To further investigate, we performed a questionnaire survey to understand the status of musculoskeletal disorders and the patient transferring situation of caregivers. Also, we assess the effect of the body posture and perceived exertion on transferring the patient in terms of the three bed heights (40, 50, 68cm) and two wheelchair display angle (45°, 90°).
Results showed that low back and shoulder were the most discomforted body parts for both caregivers and experimental subjects. Both of them preferred moving down or in the same height during transferring patient. The experimental subjects preferred the wheelchair display angle of 90°, and caregivers favored the angle of 45°. While transferring patients at a wheelchair display angle of 45° tended to be at stooping posture and have higher perceived exertion. Transferring a patient up had the highest perceived exertion, and the moving down tended to be at squatting posture. We recommended moving down or at the same height are the most appropriate transferring conditions. We also suggested using the squat posture as much as possible. The wheelchair display angle could be flexibly adjusted according to the transferring space. The alternatives to improve the transferring skills include using adjustable bed, back belt, or education training.

並列關鍵字

caregivers ； transferring patients ； height ； angle

參考文獻

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