文化行政與管理學科實習制度之比較研究—以德國經驗與觀察為重點

The Comparative Study on the Internship Programs of Cultural Administration and Management Disciplines - Take the Experiences and Observation in Germany as Main Points

吳紹芬(Maxine Wu)

指導教授 ： 林信和

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院/藝術行政與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2008.00066

摘要

「實習」乃實務訓練者於相關單位接受短暫與所學有關的專業練習與操作，其目的是藉由業界的資源使學生透過「從做中學」，拓展與學習相關的技能，培訓判斷力與反應力，進而樹立在工作上的自信與獨立。實習對學生而言確實是極佳的學習機會，但在執行上的實際情況是，大多時候實習失去了「教育」的本質，實習生成了組織甚至是公部門利用的免費工或廉價工，尤其在文化事業中更為嚴重。以台灣文化行政與管理學科之學生實習辦法為例，校方僅就實習目標、實習生之責任義務與評鑑方式加以規範，卻未針對於實習生應享有的基本權利做出保證。

然而，筆者自申請至遠赴德國實習之際，親身體驗德國聯邦勞工局職業介紹服務中心要求實習單位對外國實習生的基本權利義務，詳加規定，實習生與實習單位之間亦訂有契約，明文約定實習期限、義務、津貼等等做為依據。德國文化行政與管理學科之實習制度不僅對實習生之權利義務有約束力，同時也要求實習單位必須遵守，各界相關人士們也開始思考應該如何調整法令與制度，才不致使實習生成了變相的免費或廉價員工，甚至倡議「公平的實習」﹝faires Praktikum﹞以及評鑑實習單位的制度，以保障每一位實習生的權利以及實習品質。

有鑑於此，本研究將透過文獻回顧、深度訪談以及研究者本身實地參與和觀察，選定德國與臺灣各兩個個案深入探討，從「問題」中尋求「機會」，希冀能提供德國與台灣文化行政與管理學科往後修正實習制度時之參考，並能讓教育單位正視實作課程，以做有效整合或擬定各管轄單位之相關法規與作法。

關鍵字

實習制度 ； 文化行政與管理 ； 權利義務 ； 公平的實習

並列摘要

“Internship” is that trainees accept the professional practices and manipulations, which are related to his/her study in correlative institutions during a short period of time. Its aim is via the resources of business to let interns in the way of “Learning by Doing” develop and learn the skills, train their judgment and reaction, so they can build their confidence and independence in the work. For students, internship is an extraordinary chance for learning, but in the most of time, it loses its real meaning and essence of “Education”, and the interns become free-workers or low-paid labors which be exploited by institutions and even the government, especially in cultural business. Take the internship programs of Cultural Administration and Management Disciplines in Taiwan as an example, the schools only make the rules of the goals of internship, the interns’ responsibilities and duties, and evaluation, but they do not take ensure for the basic rights of interns.

However, from applying until doing the internship in Germany, I deeply understood that the Bundesagentur für Arbeit (German Federal Employment Agency), Die Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung asks internship providers make specifically principles in order to protect intern’s basic rights and duties. Interns and internship providers have to make contracts that appoint the duration of internship, duties, emolument and so on as an attestation. The internship programs of Cultural Administration and Management disciplines in Germany not only have constraint on interns’ rights and responsibilities, but also requests the internship provides to comply with. On the other hand, everyone who is concerned in the affair begins to cogitate how to modify the enactment and policy, so that interns would not be in a different form – become free-workers or low-paid labors. In order to ensure every intern’s rights and the internship qualities, they even advocate “faires Praktikum” (fair Internship) and the system of evaluating the internship providers.

Therefore, this study aims to find out the “opportunities” from the “problems” by adopting the references, in-depth interviews, researcher’s in-person participation and observation, as well as four cases from Germany and Taiwan. The results of the study will be contributed to the relative agencies in Germany and Taiwan as a reference for improving the cultural administration and management disciplines and the programming of the internship so as to effectively integrate the relative resources and rules.

並列關鍵字

Internship Programs ； Cultural Administration and Management ； Responsibilities and Duties ； Faires Praktium

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