歷史街區火災危險之研究-以台南市神農街區為例

Historic District Fire Hazard – In a Case of Shennong Street in Tainan.

林宣翰(Hsuan-Han Lin)

指導教授 ： 邵珮君

長榮大學/管理學院/土地管理與開發學系(所)/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2014.00086

摘要

都市中的歷史街區多為早期重要發展地區所在，存在歷史紋理之環境特性。然由於建物老舊、易燃建材、道路狹窄和密集建築等等問題，容易成為火害的高風險地區。本研究先透過文獻整理建築火災特性、歷史街區與火災延燒之關係，進而從田野調查與建築火災模擬分析神農街區火災可能發生原因、易失火地點及該區歷史建築內裝與火載量之關係及歷史建築內失火機制。研究發現：神農街區有建築結構耐火能力不足、巷弄狹窄、建物空屋及廢墟無人管理、屋頂易燃材質加蓋等等。此外，以 FDS進行神農街區的古蹟-金華府做建築火災模擬，發現建築物內易燃建材著火時，會因為高溫聚集在屋頂開始延燒，並在短時間內引發嚴重的火災及延燒到鄰棟建築。因此，當居民或古蹟協助團體在火災發生時進行初期滅火的時間僅約3~4分鐘，否則可能會因為古蹟閃燃造成生命損失的疑慮。透過本研究乃針對建築物防火性能提升手法、救災路徑確保、區域聯防等方向進行該地區之防火規劃建議。

關鍵字

火災模擬 ； 歷史街區 ； 防火規劃

並列摘要

Historic districts are usually important regions of the city with historical development. However, the historic districts become higher fire risky due to old buildings, flammable materials, narrow roads and high density of buildings. Literature review is done to analyze characteristics of building fire, and relationship between historic districts and fire spread firstly, and then field survey and fire simulation of building were done to analyze the mechanism of fire occuring in Shennong district. From the research, we found that fire resistance of building is inadequate, narrow alleys, ruins and vacancy and flammable material of roof and etc. Besides, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) was used to simulate fire occurring in Heritage Temple of Jinhwafu to grasp fire spreading situation. Through the fire simulation, it was found that fire began to spread from the pillar or roof seriously in a short time. The residents would only have three or four minutes to put out fire, otherwise, the flashover would occur to kill the people undertaking firefighting. Through this research, to improve the fire performance for buildings located in Shennong district, to ensure the route for rescue and to undertake cooperative fire fighting are suggested to Shennong district.

並列關鍵字

fire simulation ； historic districts ； fire-prevention planning

參考文獻

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