論蒯因的指涉的不可測度性與存有論的相對性之間的關係

On the Relationship between Quine’s Inscrutability of Reference and Ontological Relativity

廖冠勳(Liao, Kuan Hsun)

指導教授 ： 趙之振

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/哲學研究所/碩士(2017年)

摘要

本文試圖釐清蒯因所主張的指涉的不可測度性與存有論的相對性此二論題間的關係。為達此目的，本文第一章，先闡釋蒯因整體哲學的自然主義、語言的行為主義，及蒯因認為作為所有學習之基礎的知覺相似性標準；第二章，則藉由闡釋蒯因提出的指涉的心理發生歷程，與他提出的存有論承諾判準，顯示蒯因對於指涉與存有論及它們如何彼此關聯的看法；第三章，則闡釋蒯因用以支持此二論題所提出的從徹底翻譯思想實驗出發的論證，及由代理函數作出的證明，並加上蒯因對於指涉與存有論如何彼此連結的看法，顯示為何蒯因認為此二論題間是沒有技術性的區別的；第四章，則討論Paul Roth、Edward Becker、Berit Brogaard 及Otávio Bueno等哲學家對於此二論題之看法，及此二論題與蒯因的存有諾承諾判準、科學理論的不充分決定性及存有論的相對主義等主張間的關係。

關鍵詞：蒯因、指涉的不可測度性、存有論的相對性、事物化、徹底翻譯、代理函數、指涉的心理發生歷程、存有論承諾判準

關鍵字

蒯因 ； 指涉的不可測度性 ； 存有論的相對性 ； 事物化 ； 徹底翻譯 ； 代理函數 ； 指涉的心理發生歷程 ； 存有論承諾判準

並列摘要

This thesis attempts to clarify the relationship between Quine’s inscrutability of reference and ontological relativity. To this end, in chapter one I expound naturalism in Quine’s philosophy, his linguistic behaviorism, and the standard of perceptual similarity regarded by Quine as the basis of all learning; in chapter two I show Quine’s views of reference and ontology, and how these two notions are connected to each other by expounding the psychogenesis of reference and the criterion of ontological commitment proposed by Quine; in chapter three I first expound the argument from the thought experiment of radical translation and the proof by proxy function for these two theses, then I reveal why Quine thought that there is no technical difference between inscrutability of reference and ontological relativity; in the final chapter I discuss the opinions about inscrutability of reference and ontological relativity from some philosophers, which include Paul Roth, Edward Becker, Berit Brogaard, and Otávio Bueno. I also discuss the relationship of Quine’s inscrutability of reference, ontological relativity, the criterion of ontological commitment, underdetermination of scientific theory by evidence, and ontological relativism.

Keywords: Quine, inscrutability of reference, ontological relativity, reification, radical translation, proxy function, psychogenesis of reference, criterion of ontological commitment

並列關鍵字

Quine ； inscrutability of reference ； ontological relativity ； reification ； radical translation ； proxy function ； psychogenesis of reference ； criterion of ontological commitment

參考文獻

Brogaard, B. (2008),“Inscrutability and Ontological Commitment,” in Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, Vol. 141, 1: 21-42.

Becker, E. (2012). The Themes of Quine’s Philosophy : Meaning, Reference, and Knowledge (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press).

Lycan, W. G. (2000). Philosophy of Language: A Contemporary Introduction. London: Routledge.

Quine. W. V. (1960a). Word and Object, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press).

Quine, W. V. (1964). “Ontological Reduction and the World of Numbers,” Journal of Philosophy 61, 7: 209-216.