我國動物保護法爭議問題探討-以遊蕩動物為中心

隨著近年來動保意識的抬頭，動物福利的動保觀念正影響著我國動保法的制定和政府處理遊蕩動物的方式。現行動保法規範的管制對象包含業者、飼主與收容所，管制方式可分為「源頭管制」和「末端管制」兩種面向，然而「遊蕩動物」於動保法中並無其專屬規定而是配合末端管制。此外，動保法制定前至今，遊蕩動物處理方式歷經（捕捉收容撲殺、捕捉收容安樂死、捕捉收容零撲殺）三個階段之演變。這代表遊蕩動物的動物福利正逐漸提升。事實上，因為捕捉收容零撲殺政策的實施，造成需要收容的動物數量大幅增加，反而使得收容空間不足進一步導致收容動物福利不佳的窘境。據此，為解決上述窘境，本文認為實施TNR（捕捉、絕育、回置）措施或許是因應此一問題的好方法。因此，本文彙整我國遊蕩動物爭議問題，並釐清兩件事情：第一件事情是我國於現行法下源頭管制和末端管制欠缺與未落實之處？第二件事情則是若要以TNR作為遊蕩動物的法律管制，該如何有效運用並且同時保障遊蕩動物福利？此外，為了瞭解實施TNR的必要條件，本文參考世界動物衛生組織和聯合國糧食農業組織對於TNR 之看法。本文主張，我國應參考國際組織對於實施TNR必要條件之共通點與考量源頭管制的成效將會影響TNR的執行。據此，將能夠為TNR建立較佳的實施環境，這樣方能達成在有效管制遊蕩動物之餘，同時保障遊蕩動物福利之意旨。

關鍵字

動物保護法；遊蕩動物；源頭管制； TNR

並列摘要

In recent years, with the rising awareness of animal protection. The concept of animal welfare is affecting the formulation of animal protection law and the way the government deals with street animal. Under the current law of Animal Protection Law, the legal control objector include the trader. the pet owner and the shelter. The regulatory methods can be divided into “Source Control” and “End Control”. However, the “street animal” don’t have control provisions in Animal Protection Law, but cooperate “end control” of regulatory method. In addition, the treatment ways of street animal has gone through three stages of conversion（1、Trap-house-cull 2、Trap-house-euthanize 3、Trap-house-no cull）. This means that the animal welfare of street animal is gradually improving. But, the number of animals that need to be housed has increased significantly due to the policy of “Trap-house-no cull” is implement. Maybe that the implementation of TNR（Trap-Neuter-Return）measures may be a good way to enabling this predicament. This article has gather the dispute resolutions of street animal and want to know two things: 1. in the current of Animal Protection Law which deficiency and missing. 2. How to effectively use and protect the welfare of street animal at the same time? In order to understand the necessary conditions for the implementation. This article reviewing treaties and guidelines on TNR by OIE and FAO; and considerate the effectiveness of source control will affect the implementation of TNR. To sum up, it would achieve the purpose of effective control of street animal and protect the welfare of street animal at the same time.