文化變遷下的布袋戲玩具變貌

The Changes in Glove Puppetry Toys under the Cultural Transition

林盟傑(Meng-Jie Lin)

指導教授 ： 吳鼎武瓦歷斯

中原大學/設計學院/商業設計研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400592

摘要

玩具成為人類文化重要的一環，已經存在數千年的歷史，然而卻因容易被視為奇淫小技、婦孺之戲而未被重視，更因為它的複雜性與多元化的發展，一直以來缺乏有系統的整理研究。本文有鑑於國內仍缺乏相關領域的研究，因此希望藉以布袋戲玩具為研究對象，探討玩具與文化間相互影響的發展關係。在研究方法上，主要藉由文獻回顧及整理布袋戲文化變遷的關鍵歷程，從而瞭解其表演文化、戲偶樣貌的歷史發展，同時配合田野調查的訪查結果及相互比較分析。
本研究發現，布袋戲玩具型態的發展不斷反映時代的科技、藝術與文化。隨著布袋戲文化的變遷，其由民俗文化邁向大眾文化，甚至產生了民俗玩具與流行玩具兩種截然不同的類型。在本研究實例中可以看到，技術雖然是生產進步的關鍵因素，但文化變遷卻使得玩具由原本順應生活需求而生，轉為一種電影工業的衍生商品，同時開始在本質意涵上發生改變，促使玩具型態產生革命性的變化。今日，玩具產品已淪為許多大眾媒體的延伸產物，這種發展趨勢所產生的玩具可能偏重在單純追求娛樂性的層面，卻較為無法達到文化傳承教育的功能。為此，本研究也藉由文化工業的觀點提出批判性反思的舉證論述，以提供相關設計領域者進一步反省及思考。

關鍵字

布袋戲 ； 關鍵詞：玩具 ； 民俗文化 ； 大眾文化

並列摘要

As an important part of the human culture, toys have had thousand years of history; yet, toys are still deemed as minor tricks and in an inferior status. Due to the complexity and diversity of toys, there is lack of researches on systematic study of them across the nation. In this vein, this study focuses on glove puppetry toys as research target, and explores the developing relationship between the toys and culture. Through literature review and field research, this study discovers that the development in types of toys reflects the changes in technology, art and culture. Along with the development in glove puppetry culture, from folk culture to mass culture, toys evolve into two distinct types: folk toys and pop toys.

In transition of era, the change in connotation of toys worth further study to designers of related fields. Additionally, this study shows that although technology is the vital element for improving production, the alternation of culture drives toys to become the commodity extension of the movie industry. The quality and notion of toys altered tremendously and conducts toy industry’s revolutionary.

Today, most of the toys have become an extension product of the mass media. This trend emphasizes only on pursuing pure entertainment value but could not offer the function in terms of the culture preservation and education; therefore, according to the culture industry’s point of view, this study provides the critical thinking and evidential depiction in order to provide profounder thoughts for related domain researchers.

並列關鍵字

glove puppetry ； Keywords: toy ； mass culture ； folk culture

參考文獻

吳美雲編，1983，《中國童玩》，台北：漢聲

張世宗，2002，〈童玩遊藝與兒童文化〉，《兒童文學學刊》第八期，頁193-229

Barthes, Roland，1997，《神話學》，許薔薔、許綺玲譯，台北：桂冠

參考文獻

一、中文文獻