兩面針,學名Zanthoxylum nitiduml (Roxb.),又名雙面刺、滿面針、入地金牛、土花椒、胡椒勒、鳥踏刺、崖椒等,為芸香科(Rutaceae)植物。將兩面針葉子經清洗、風乾、攪碎後行水蒸氣蒸餾,再經溶劑萃取,鹼處理、水洗與濃縮等步驟,得其淡褐色之中性精油。 本文所採用的方法為直接式水蒸汽蒸餾法(Direct steam distillation)和間接式水蒸汽蒸餾法(Indirect steam distillation),來抽取 精油成分,並比較兩者之差異。 兩面針之中性精油平均收油率為0.046%,經液相色層分析粗分 ,分成碳氫化合物和含氧化合物兩大部份,而碳氫化合物佔中性精油38.8%,含氧化合物佔中性精油61.2 %,並使用氣相層析儀(GC)、氣相層析質譜儀(GC/MS)、傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀(FTIR)、核磁共振光譜儀(NMR)鑑定其化學成份,分別確認了二十四個成分,於碳氫化合物中確認了Limonene、γ-Terpinene、α-Copaene、β-Elemene、β-Caryophyllene、α-Humulene、τ-Muurolene、β-Selinene、α-Selinene、β-Bisabolene、β-Cadinene等成分,而含氧化合物中確認了Eucalyptol、β-Linalool、p-Menth-1-en-4-ol、α-Terpineol、p-Menthen-9-al、Nerol、α-Ionone、β-Ionone、2-Tridecanone、Spathulenol、Caryophyllene oxide、Isophytol、Phytol等成分。其中有十七個成分Limonene、Eucalyptol、γ-Terpinene、β-Linalool、p-Menth-1-en-4-ol、α-Terpineol、p-Menthen-9- al、Nerol、α-Copaene、α-Ionone、τ-Muurolene、β-Ionone、β-Bisabolene、β-Cadinene、Spathulenol、Isophytol、Phytol皆為首次自兩面針葉部中 性精油得到的化合物。 以直接式水蒸汽蒸餾法,對不同成長過程的兩面針葉部其萃取所得到之中性精油,其組成及含量變化不大,且直接式比間接式易獲得請m類化合物。
The essential oil was obtained form the leaves of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) by steam distillation and solvent extraction. It was treated with base to remove the acidic compounds. The neutral oil was isolated and purified by column chromatography. Twenty four compounds are identified by comparison of GC retention times、IR、GC/MS and NMR spectrum. These compounds are Limonene、γ-Terpinene、α-Copaene、β-Elemene、β-Caryophyllene、α- Humulene、τ-Muurolene、β-Selinene、α-Selinene、β-Bisabolene、β-Cadinene、Eucalyptol、β-Linalool、para-Menth-1-en-4-ol、α-Terpineol、para-Menthen-9-al、Nerol、α-Ionone、β-Ionone、2-Tridecanone、 Spathulenol、Caryophyllene oxide、Isophytol、Phytol。 And during research,I also found seventeen compounds,which were first time obtained from the Zanthoxylum nitidum leaves. They are,Limonene、Eucalyptol、γ-Terpinene、β-Linalool、p-Menth-1-en-4-ol、α-Terpineol、p-Menthen-9-al、Nerol、α-Copaene、α-Ionone、τ-Muurolene、β-Ionone、 β-Bisabolene、β-Cadinene、Spathulenol、Isophytol、Phytol. The direct steam distillation extracting results of different age from the Zanthoxylum nitidum leaves were not different.