撞期：研究所考試與股東會日期之決策分析

本研究藉觀察研究所考試與股東會之撞期現象，分別對其所處之撞期環境，進行各自日期決策之分析；並探究學校或公司方，在考試與開會如此集中的時期裡，其日期決策對撞期現象的處理。其中，本研究證實日期決策除代表單一學校或公司之意圖外，同時也會承接來自於所處群體之影響。因此，受此影響又身處撞期環境的學校或公司，將會採取趨避或是更集中的日期決策來因應撞期。就學校方面來看，此群體之影響為對報考人數極大化的冀望。因此，所有學校將會分為三種類型，並各自趨避其撞期對象，以將撞期所造成之影響降到最低；而就公司方面來看，其來自群體之影響則是對與會人數極小化的期望。故各類公司皆會設法集中開會，以將撞期所造成之影響升到最高。本研究透過「研究所考試決策模型」與「股東會決策模型」之推論，再佐以雙方實證上之分析。其實證結果顯示，研究所考試撞期部分：在本研究假設A類學校，將會固定選擇於日期決策D1進行考試下：（1）B類學校會盡可能避免與A類學校撞期，即其日期決策不採取D1。（2）C類學校會避免與B類學校撞期，但不排斥與A類學校撞期，即其日期決策不排斥採取D1。股東會撞期部分：各公司其所訂定之股東會日期皆會設法與彼此撞期。

關鍵字

股東會日期；撞期；研究所考試日期；賽局理論

並列摘要

This paper focuses on the date conflict of graduate schools’ entrance exams and shareholder meetings. The ways schools and companies deal with the date conflict problems is also emphasized During the process, it is proved that the decision of the proper date not only signifies the intention of any single school or company but also the impacts of other groups. The solution of conflict date problems leads to either generate the dates or avoid them. Take schools for example, the most important factor to be considered is how to maximize the number of people enrolling. Therefore, there are three types of solutions for schools to meet their expectations. In contrast, companies tend to generate their meeting dates with others in order to minimize the number of attendees as well as to extend the influence of date conflicts. In general, through the models of graduate schools’ entrance exams and shareholder meetings; it is suggested that specific activities’ conflict dates could be solved by the abovementioned solutions according to different groups’ intentions. The empirical results of this study in the phase of the Entrance Exams of graduate schools part are as following: Under the assumption Group A schools will always choose fixedly at date D1 carries on the test: (1) Group B schools will try to avoid conflicts with the Group A schools, that is, its date decision will not to take D1. (2) Group C schools will avoid the conflicts with the Group B schools, but the decision does not exclude its date to D1, which means Group C schools can carry on the exam with Group A schools at the same time. In the conflict dates of the shareholder meetings: Companies will try setting its date in conflict with one another.

並列關鍵字

conflict of dates ； date of entrance exams of graduate schools ； date of shareholder meetings ； game theory

參考文獻

Abdulkadiroğlu, A. and T. Sönmez (2003), “School Choice: A Mechanism Design Approach,” American Economic Review, Vol. 93, No.3, 729-747.

Alcalde, J. and S. Barberà (1994), “Top Dominance and the Possibility of Strategy-Proof Solutions to Matching Problems,” Economic Theory, Vol. 4, No.3,pp. 417-435.

Chen, Y., and T. Sönmez (2006), “School Choice: an experimental study,” Journal of Economics Theory, 127, 202-231.

Colin F.(1997), “Progress in Behavioral Game Theory” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 11, pp. 167-188

Downs, Anthony (1957), An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row

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撞期：研究所考試與股東會日期之決策分析

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