公民投票的理論與實際─以「低放射性廢棄物最終處置設施場址設置條例」為例

Theory and Practice of Referendum ─ Focused on the Low-level Radioactive Waste Final Disposal Facility Site Settings Ordinance

高宇彥(Yu-Yen Kao)

指導教授 ： 陳櫻琴

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2013.00370

摘要

公民參與國家事務最直接的手段與方式就是「公民投票」。所謂的公民投票，就是公民以最直接表決的方式來對於議題表示支持或反對，少數服從多數，其結果對於決策單位或政府可以產生一種約制或參考效果，進而達到主權在民的民主。學理上認為，公民投票可以彌補代議政治之不足。但實際上，如果公民投票真是一個很好的制度與方式，那麼透過公民投票直接訴諸民意來決定國家的各項重大政策應可以直接展現民主國家應有的風範，但又為何社會各界對於公民投票所抱持的看法仍有相當歧見?這其中有許多的議題值得探討。
公民投票法於2003年11月立法院三讀通過，於2004年1月2日施行。截至2008年為止已舉辦過6次全國性的公投，但6次都沒有通過；地方性的公民投票，如高雄市的「25人制小班公投案」、及依據離島建設條例所舉辦的「澎湖博弈公投案」也都鎩羽而歸，甚至有若干公投提案，還沒有形成議案就先被公民投票審議委員會否決。
本文主要整理歐美各國的民主發展與公民投票運動的發展歷程，並蒐集公民投票相關法律資料進行歸納分析，探討「低放射性廢棄物最終處置設施場址設置條例」納入公投機制的後續修法發展。
國家重大政策交付公民投票，不僅能確切反映民意，更是直接民主的最佳實現，如果國家在各項重大政策推動之前參酌民意，一來不僅確立國家施政方向符合人民期待，二來對於人民民主素養之提升，亦有重大助益。若只是一昧視公民投票為洪水猛獸，認為所謂的專家治國才是正道而拒絕公民投票，則此與專制極權統治如北韓並無差異。
故期待本文的整理能夠為我國現行的公民投票機制提出檢視，並對於現行公民投票法諸多限制內容提出修法建議，樹立我國直接民主之真正典範。

關鍵字

民主 ； 選舉 ； 公民投票 ； 公民投票法 ； 低放射性廢棄物 ； 低核廢場址 ； 回饋制度

並列摘要

Citizen participate in national affairs the most direct means of way is "referendum". That is, the citizens in the most direct way of the vote for the issues support or oppose the minority is subordinate to the majority, and the results for decision-making units or government can produce a restraint or reference effect, and thus achieve the democracy of the sovereignty of the people. The doctrinal believe that the referendum can make up for the inadequacy of the political representative. But in fact, if the referendum is a very good system and the way directly through a referendum to resort to public opinion to decide the major policies of the country should be able to directly show the demeanor of a democratic country should have, but why community citizens polling place to hold the view there is still considerable disagreement? many issues which are worth exploring.
Legislative Yuan passed the referendum law in November 2003, effective January 2, 2004. Six national referendums have been held up to 2008, but six did not pass; local referendum, like the 25-a-side small class referendum in Kaohsiung and the case of Penghu Game referendum which basis on Islands Construction Act are losing, even certain referendum proposal, not yet formed motion Referendum Review Committee rejected .
In this paper, sort out the European and American countries in the democratic development and citizen voting movement of the development of the course to collect citizen voting-related legal information summarized and analyzed to explore the "low-level radioactive waste final disposal facilities field address set Article Ordinance development included in the follow-up to the referendum mechanism for amending the law.
Delivery of major national policy referendum not only accurately reflect public opinion, is best achieved direct democracy, if the state before crucial policies to promote deliberate public opinion, to not only establish the direction of the governance of the country in line with the expectations of the people, for the people's democratic the enhancement of literacy, there are substantial benefits. Just reimbursing depending on the referendum as a plague, that the so-called experts reject the referendum, this is the right way of governing the country with authoritarian totalitarian regimes such as North Korea there is no difference.
It is looking forward to through this article to view the current referendum mechanism, and proposed amending the law suggested content for many of the limitations of the existing referendum law, establish a model of direct democracy.

並列關鍵字

democracy ； elections ； referendum ； referendum law ； low-level radioactive waste ； low nuclear waste site ； feedback system

參考文獻

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