臺灣筆記型電腦產業供應商評選關鍵因素之研究

臺灣身為全球筆記型電腦代工產業之冠，近年來隨著市場及客戶端的需求改變，以及其他具威脅性之電子產品的崛起，使得筆記型電腦產業近年來面臨著前所未有的威脅與挑戰。在該產業中，供應商之選擇影響著企業之競爭力，且在新冠肺炎COVID-19疫情時代下，無論是品質、價格及交期配合程度，供應商需更多彈性配合與面臨突發狀況之反應能力，因此供應商之評選更需謹慎與面臨更多挑戰，故擁有一套評選模式輔助採購單位正確選擇供應商更顯重要，如此才能創造雙贏、提升企業競爭力。針對此問題，本研究利用德爾菲法建構臺灣筆記型電腦企業供應商選擇關鍵因素之架構，並以決策實驗室法之網路分析程序法確定其關鍵因素，依據關鍵因素繪製出網絡圖，瞭解影響關聯性及重要程度。根據本研究結果發現，「生產能力」以及「彈性能力」為主要影響供應商評選之構面，且以上兩個構面互相影響；並依據數據分析找出「生產良率」、「產品可靠度」、「類似產品生產經驗」、「日產能量」、「供應商產品穩定供貨能力」、「價格競爭力」、及「供貨彈性能力」為影響供應商選擇之關鍵因素。此外透過重要性–績效分析法結果顯示，「產品可靠度」、「日產能量」、「設備自動化程度」、「價格競爭力」、「支援服務成本」、「議價空間」及「供貨彈性能力」為現階段急需改善之因素，可由「生產良率」為出發點以提高整體管理效率。最後，本研究根據研究結果提出相關管理意涵與建議供筆記型電腦產業於供應商評選時參考運用。由於本研究範圍多以筆者所服務之公司中高階主管為主要對象，對於其他筆記型電腦企業之經驗差異認知有限，致使專家問卷於填寫過程中仍具有一定的限制與不足之處，因此後續研究建議可擴大研究範圍，納入筆記型電腦產業不同企業之專家以及其他相關部門專家一併進行訪談，亦可探討加入其他供應商評選之構面與準則，建立全方位且更完善的筆記型電腦供應商評構面與準則。

關鍵字

筆記型電腦；供應商評選；德爾菲法；以決策實驗室法為基礎之網路程序分析法；重要性-績效分析法

並列摘要

Taiwan is known as the leader in the world of Notebook manufacturing. However, it has faced unprecedented threats and challenges in recent years due to the changes in the market and customers' needs and the rising of new threatening electronic products. Supplier selection significantly affects the competitiveness of companies, especially in the era of COVID-19. It is required that suppliers with more flexible abilities when facing emergency cases regarding quality, price, and delivery. Therefore, the selection of suppliers encounters more challenges and must be more cautious than before. Thus, it is critical to generate a model to assist the procurement unit in correctly selecting suppliers to create a win-win situation and enhance enterprises' competitiveness. This study first applies the Delphi method to construct a framework of key factors in Taiwanese Notebook manufacturing supplier selection. It then uses the DANP/DEMENTEL method to determine the key factors. Finally, we create interactive network graphs to understand the relationship and importance of these key factors. According to the results of this research, “Capacity” and “Resilience” are the major key factors of supplier selection and these two factors are interacted. The result shows “The yield rate of the production”, “Product reliability”, “Similar production experience”, “Daily production”, “Stable supply ”, “Price competitiveness” and “Resilience” are the other important factors. Therefore, the study identified from experts’ cognition and evaluation of supplier's efforts by importance-performance analysis (IPA), the results show that “Product reliability”, “Daily production”, “Degree of Equipment automation “, “Price competitiveness”, “Supportive Service costs”, “Price negotiation” and “Supply flexibility” need to be improved with the highest priority. In addition,“The yield rate of the production” is the starting point to enhance manage efficiency. Finally, according to the results of the study, the management implications and suggestions provide reference for the Taiwanese Notebook manufacturing. Since the scope of this research is mostly base on the middle and senior executives of the companies in author’s company, the understanding of the working experience in other notebook manufacturing companies is limited. Thus, the process of filling questionnaire has constraints. It is suggested that the follow-up researchers could extend it to cross-function team and differnect companies of Notebook Manufacturing and consider other dimentions and criterias to create a more complete structure for supplier selection.