運用決策實驗室法與網路程序分析法評估押出機製造業技術知識傳承之關鍵因素

過去大多技術知識傳承研究皆以學者或管理者角度去評估如何促進技術知識傳承，缺乏以師徒制之要角「師父」為立場之適切性實務型研究，形成探究技術知識傳承領域的缺口。本研究嘗試挑戰結合具實務管理經驗的主管與從基層做起的資深黑手主管以同理心、換位思考為出發點，探討押出機製造業技術知識傳承關鍵因素，透過文獻回顧、彙整、探究後，採用德爾菲法（Delphi Method），建構押出機製造業技術知識傳承關鍵因素之研究架構，包括「組織制度」、「組織文化」、「知識管理」、「心理契約」、「員工關係」等五個構面和二十個準則，並運用以決策實驗室法為基礎的網路程序分析法（DEMATEL-based ANP）與重要性-績效分析法(IPA) 找出押出機製造業技術知識傳承之關鍵影響因素的源頭，針對共識度最低、權重最小之準則與優先改善之指標準則，結合專家群意見提出創新管理之分析與建議，以優化現階段管理模式。研究結果顯示「技術知識模仿與學習」為本研究關鍵影響因素的源頭，它可以成功帶動其他關鍵因素的改善；「教育訓練」之共識度最低、「創新與冒險」權重及績效表現最落後，表示該兩個準則雖然受外界重視，但不適用於押出機製造業技術知識傳承；並且針對五項優先改善的指標，分別為「績效考核」、「積極進取」、「技術知識分享」、「技術知識傳承」及「工作態度傳承」等，提供後續作法之策略及建議。本研究成果供傳統製造業訂立知識管理與傳承方針之參考，並祈能為押出機製造業永續性略盡棉薄之力。

關鍵字

師徒制；知識管理；決策實驗室法

並列摘要

On the topic of passing on technical knowledge, previous studies essentially adopted a scholarly or managerial perspective to examine ways to promote sharing of technical expertise. Appropriate yet practical researches about mentoring lack of view points from mentors, which play a key role, creating a research gap in the exploration of technical knowledge sharing. This study explored key factors that influence the act of passing on technical knowledge by traditional industries. We focused on the empathy of supervisors with practical management experiences and senior master-level managers who started at the bottom and worked their ways up the career ladder. Following a literature review, summary, and exploration, the Delphi method was employed to build a research framework, comprising the key factors that influence the act of passing on technical knowledge by traditional industries. The research framework consisted of 20 cnterion in 5 dimensions: Organizational System, Organizational Culture, Knowledge Management, Psychological Contract, and Employment Relationship. A Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)-based Analytic Network Process (ANP) was subsequently applied to find the source of key factors on manufacturing technical knowledge of Extruder Industry, the lowest CDI ,the lowest weight to optimize the existing management models. The study results showed that "Technical Knowledge Imitation and Learning" is the primacy of the key factors identified in this study; it can effectively improve other key factors. " Education Training" in CDI ,and " Innovation and Risk-taking" in weight and performance are the lowest, showing that both criterion are valued by the other industries , but they are not suitable for the Manufacturing Technical Knowledge Inheritance of Extruder Industry. Five factors were prioritized for improvement, namely, "Performance Appraisal," "Proactive Behavior," "Sharing of Technical Knowledge," "Passing on Technical Knowledge," and "Passing on Attitude Toward Work." These factors served as the basis for providing future strategies and recommendations. The findings of this study provide traditional manufacturing industries with a reference for establishing plans to manage and pass on knowledge, thereby ensuring the sustainability of conventional industries.