臺灣經濟發展對男性性別角色認知及異性審美偏好影響

傳統父權社會下，為維繫及鞏固男性在社會及家庭的地位，因此女性被教育要依順於男性，社會灌輸著女性一生都需要聽從於家庭中男性，將自身的放置於次等的位置，同時男性在伴侶選擇上以溫柔婉約的女性做為其伴侶選擇的依據。但隨著女權主義、兩性平權意識興起，女性的受教權逐漸受到重視，投入於就業市場的女性也有所增加，同時女性的樣態也逐漸多元。而男性也因環境的改變，對於伴侶選擇上也有所改變，比起溫順而更趨向於以後代的基因及教育環境去作為選擇的標準。本研究以Bem性別角色量表（Bem sex role inventory）作為研究基礎，探討臺灣男性在不同性別角色狀態下對於女性美的偏好及了解兩性之間相互影響的狀態。研究首先，衡量受試者的性別角色狀態後，提供受試者二十四張分佈在Solomon、Ashmore和Longo（1992）所提出的六種不同樣態美下的樣本圖片供受試者選擇，再針對不同性別角色去探討該狀態下對於審美偏好的狀態及選擇背後的意義。自女性大量投入於勞動力市場及女權意識的興起，男性則面臨著在勞動力市場上的競爭壓力，還須面對女性自我意識改變後環境所帶來的壓力。因此本研究假設（一）當男性在不同的性別角色對伴侶美的偏好有所影響。（二）社經地位的差異會影響性別角色的狀態。（三）相同的性別角色下，會因社經地位上的差異而造成伴侶美的偏好。因兩性的性格將隨著社會環境變動的壓力，也發展出更適合在社會環境下生活的樣態，而最終研究發現不同性別角色的狀態下對於受試者的審美偏好上的影響是較小的，但社經地位不同的狀態下對於受試者的審美偏好是呈現顯著的狀態。

關鍵字

Bem性別角色量表；父權社會；性別角色；性別建構論；女權主義

並列摘要

In the patriarchal society, women are taught to obey the men to maintain and consolidate the status of men in social structure and family. The philosophy of woman positioning at second-tier is not only a restrict order to obey in family, but also a rooted conscious in Asia society. In the meanwhile, men are also taught to choose a wife who is gentle or easy to control to be their companion. The conscious of feminism and gender equality rising were contributed to the percentage of women joined higher educational degree increasing than before. Women possesses more knowledge to join the fierce labor market which also inspire women to pursuit their appearance and image diversification. The social wave also impact men’s ideology to choose their partners. Men would tend to concern the quality of genes and upbringing as the standard to select their partners. The research was based on the Bem sex role inventory to exploring men’s preferences of Taiwan that which types of women’s beauty in different sex roles, the motivation behind the subject's choice and understanding the current state and connection between the sexes. Since women entered the labor market, the competition pressure of men has increased. Facing the rise of feminism and the transformation of women’s pursuit of themselves, men have to face the pressure not only family but at work. Besides, the changing of social environment causes the personality of the two sexes develops more suitable for survival in the social environment. Hypothesis of this research are (1) When men in different gender roles, they have an impact on their companion’s preference for different types of women’s beauty. (2) Different socioeconomic status will affect the status of gender roles. (3) The same gender role will affect the companion’s preference for different types of women’s beauty in different socioeconomic status. I use the Bem sex role inventory to measure the sex role status of the subjects, and give them twenty-four pictures under the six different types of beauty to choose. Next, I explore the subjects their companion’s preference for different types of women’s beauty under different sex roles. In the end, it was found that different sex roles have less influence on the subjects' preference for different types of women’s beauty and more significantly diversity in preference type of women beauty under different socioeconomic statuses.