瑜珈練習對注意力控制以及安適幸福感之影響

過去研究顯示瑜珈練習可有效增進個體的正向情緒，降低負向情緒，且在過去的瑜珈研究中，也認為瑜珈可以進一步使個體達到情緒平衡。然而過去並未有心理學相關研究針對此一平靜與平衡狀態提出具體的定義與構念，亦未能對瑜珈練習使情緒能恢復平靜的歷程背後的原因進行實徵性的探索。心理學中的安適幸福感便是用來測量個體平靜狀態，在恢復平靜狀態的歷程中，過去也曾有研究針對瑜珈練習、注意力控制以及負向情緒進行實驗。然而過去研究並未針對瑜珈練習、注意力控制以及安適幸福感這三個構念的關聯性進行討論，故本研究目的主要是檢驗瑜珈練習與內在安適之間關係，並且探究注意力控制在瑜珈練習與內在安適之間所扮演的角色。本研究假設注意力控制會中介瑜珈練習以及安適幸福感之間的關係。本研究採用實驗法以及問卷法來進行，參與者為62位平均年齡35歲的女性。並測量其注意力控制與安適幸福感量表及其相關變項之表現，其中注意力控制除了使用注意力控制量表之外，也會使用實驗－情緒干擾的角度區辨作業來進行測量。本研究結果顯示，雖然瑜珈練習者在安適幸福感上的分數高於非瑜珈練習者，但在獨立樣本t檢定上並未能達到顯著的差異。而在注意力控制實驗上則發現，瑜珈練習者與非瑜珈練習者在注意力控制之表現均無顯著差異。進一步分析結果顯示，長期瑜珈練習者在正向情緒干擾下，於困難作業之平均反應時間低於非瑜珈練習者，具有接近顯著的差異，表示瑜珈練習者在面對正向情緒刺激時，瑜珈練習者受干擾程度會稍微比非瑜珈練習者要來的少。在相關分析上則發現，注意力控制量表總分、注意力控制量表之注意力轉換分量表與安適幸福感具有顯著正相關，其餘均未達顯著。中介分析中，注意力控制之相關指標並未能中介瑜珈練習以及安適幸福感間之關係。然而在過去文獻中，注意力控制可以顯著預測安適幸福感，且本研究的相關分析中，注意力控制與安適幸福感之間具有正相關，所以本研究進一步進行調節分析，發現瑜珈練習可以調節困難作業的正向情緒干擾對安適幸福感的負面影響。在過去研究中並未討論正向情緒干擾與瑜珈練習之間的關係，本研究結果顯示瑜珈練習者在面對高正向情緒干擾時，其注意力控制能力會相較之下比非瑜珈練者要來的好，這顯示瑜珈練習可以有助於個體成功調節干擾，並有較好的安適幸福感。

關鍵字

瑜珈；注意力控制；安適幸福感

並列摘要

Previous studies have shown that yoga practice can effectively enhance positive emotions and reduce negative emotions. In the past yoga studies, yoga has also been considered to further enable individuals to achieve emotional balance. However, in the past, no psychological studies have proposed specific definitions and concepts for this state of peacefulness and balance, nor has it been possible to explore the causes behind the yoga practice that restore emotional . The Peace of Mind (PoM) in psychology is used to measure individual's peacefulness and harmony. In the past there have studies on yoga practice and attentional control to the negative mood. However, past studies have not discussed the correlation between yoga practice, attention control, and PoM, so the main purpose of this study is to test the relationship between yoga and inner well-being. This study hypothesized that attention control mediated yoga practice and PoM. This study was conducted using experimental and questionnaire methods, involving 62 women with an average age of 35. The performance of the attention control and PoM and its related variables was measured, in which attention control was measured in addition to using the attention control scale, but also using the experimental- a discrimination task of emotional interference. The results of this study showed that although yoga practitioners scored higher on PoM than non-yoga practitioners, they did not achieve significant differences in t test. In the attention control experiment, there was no significant difference between yoga practitioners and non-yoga practitioners in positive. Step analysis showed that the average reaction time of long-term yoga practitioners in the positive emotional interference of difficult work was lower than that of non-yoga practitioners. In the mediation analysis, attention control has no mediating effect on yoga practice and PoM. However, attention control can significantly predict PoM in the past study. In the relevant analysis of this study, there is a positive correlation between attention control and PoM. Therefore, this study further analysis, found that the yoga practice on the positive emotional interference in difficult task and PoM has a significant moderating effect. The relationship between positive emotional interference and yoga practice has not been discussed in previous studies. The results of this study show that yoga practitioners' attention control ability is better than non-yoga practitioners when faced with high positive emotional disturbance, which shows that yoga practice can help individuals successfully regulate interference and have a better PoM.