台灣地區推動「以房養老」之策略

摘要人口高齡化是世界各國共通的社會問題之一，截止2016年底台灣的高齡化比率已經超過13.2%。根據國家發展委員會2014年資料推估，預計到2025年將達到20%，進入超高齡社會。人口結構老化帶來的最大衝擊即是對居住、健康醫療、照護等需求的增加。針對台灣9大銀行所推出的「以房養老」商業型逆向抵押貸款政策統計，截至2017年9月底，合計總承作件數達2007件；總核貸金額約108億元，平均每件金額約538.12萬元。但截止2017第一季度購置住宅貸款總額為6,894,123億元。同時，台灣住房自有率排名全球前茅。針對老年人口、公民住宅自有率，以及普通房屋貸款數額龐大，但「以房養老」逆向貸款額度極低。基於以上4數據間的巨大落差，以及社會保險制度財務狀況越發不樂觀與年金改革推行的情況下，期望瞭解台灣民眾對「以房養老」的意願度及推廣「以房養老」之可能性。本研究透過文獻分析、問卷調查與分析，及結果與討論等方法與步驟，探討台灣推行「以房養老」之策略。主要成果為： (1)支持「以房養老」受測者超過7成； (2)男性比女性更瞭解「以房養老」，但男性更認為需要將房子留給子女； (3)「教育程度」與【是否瞭解「以房養老」】無關聯； (4)「以房養老」之推廣與地域無關； (5)「家庭結構」對【是否支持「逆向抵押貸款之以房養老」】產生顯著關聯； (6)「教育程度」、「家戶年收入」與【能否擺脫傳統觀念影響】無關； (7) 台灣推動「以房養老」之策略共計3項。關鍵字：以房養老、逆向抵押貸款、新興養老模式、家庭結構

關鍵字

以房養老；逆向抵押貸款；新興養老模式；家庭結構

並列摘要

Abstract Population aging is one of the common social problems in all countries of the world. As of the end of 2016, Taiwan's rate of aging has exceeded 13.2%. According to information released by the National Development Commission in 2014, it is estimated that by 2025, Taiwan's rate of aging will reach 20% and a super-aged society will appear. The biggest impact of the aging population is the increase in demand for housing, health care, and general care. According to the statistics on “the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Commercially Available Reverse Mortgage)” promulgated by top 9 banks in Taiwan, as of the end of September in 2017, the total number of applications has reached 2007. And the total amount of approved loans has reached about NT$ 10.8 billion. On average, the amount in each application is about NT$ 5.3812 million. However, as of the 1st season in 2017, the total amount of housing loans has reached NT$ 6.894123 trillion. Meanwhile, Taiwan’s home ownership ratio ranks among the highest in the world. Although Taiwan has a large number of elderly people, a higher home ownership ratio, and a bigger amount of general housing loans, the "the House-for-Pension Scheme (Reverse Mortgage)" is rather unpopular. In light of the huge gap(s) between the four data items mentioned above, and the fact that the financial status of the social insurance system is becoming less optimistic and the annuity reform is implemented, this study expects to understand the willingness to apply for "the House-for-Pension Scheme (Reverse Mortgage)" and the possibility to promote "the House-for-Pension Scheme (Reverse Mortgage)" among the Taiwanese people. This study explores "the House-for-Pension Scheme (Reverse Mortgage)" promoted in Taiwan through literature analysis, questionnaire survey and analysis, and discussions about results and conclusions. The main results include: (1)More than 70% of the respondents support "the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Reverse Mortgages)." (2)Men understand more about "the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Reverse Mortgages)" than women，but men tend to think that the house shall be given to their children. (3) A person’s "educational level" is not related to “whether the person understands the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Reverse Mortgages)." (4)"Whether the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Reverse Mortgages) is popular" is not related to the region. (5)A person’s "family structure" is significantly related to “whether a person supports the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Reverse Mortgages).” (6)A person’s "educational level" and "household annual income" is not related to “whether the person can be immune to traditional views.” (7)There are 3 strategies for promote "the House-for-Pension Scheme (for Reverse Mortgages)." Keywords： House-for-Pension Scheme, Reverse Mortgage, Emerging Pension Model, Family Structure