開車習慣對車內生物氣膠分布之探討

研究主要分成兩個部分進行，(1)探討汽車內生物氣膠之濃度和階層百分比之分布 (2)比較校園大氣和交通污染源大氣中生物氣膠濃度和階層百分比之變化。研究採用安德森六階採樣器進行採樣，採集可培養之細菌和真菌，採樣後進行培養並計算其總菌落數。在汽車採樣部分，研究將一般民眾開車習慣分為四個狀態，並再細分為八個模式，比較不同開車習慣生物氣膠濃度之變化，在細菌方面，於不開窗時其所採集到的總菌落數是最高的，約242 CFU/m3，在有空調下所採集到的總菌落數是最低的，約73 CFU/m3：在真菌方面，於開窗狀態下所採集的總菌落數是最高的，約303 CFU/m3，在有空調下所採集到的總菌落數是最低的，約111 CFU/m3。另外，階層百分比的結果顯示，細菌大多集中在第一階層到第三階層 (3.3~7.0 μm)，而真菌多分布於第五階層（1.1~2.1 μm），此粒徑範圍易影響細支氣管，對於有氣喘或過敏體質且需長期開車的人，應特別注意車內真菌濃度分布之潛在影響。大氣採樣部分，將採樣地點區分為交通污染源和校園大氣，再將採樣時間分成上午(八時)、中午(十二時)、傍晚(十七時)及晚上(二十一時)，研究結果顯示，細菌在校園大樓頂樓之細菌總菌落數(40 CFU/m3)和真菌總菌落數(184 CFU/m3)皆略高於交通汙染源區大氣之濃度(細菌：36 CFU/m3) (真菌：175 CFU/m3)，以採樣時間來比較，細菌總菌落數在交通污染源和校園大氣中，不論是交通污染源或校園大氣，皆以傍晚(十七時)的總菌落數高於其他採樣時間，而真菌總菌落數在交通污染源和校園大氣中，皆以上午(八時)的總菌落數高於其他採樣時間。真菌之階層百分比不論是交通污染源或校園大氣中，任一時段皆以第四、第五階層最高。研究結果顯示，不論汽車採樣或大氣採樣真菌多以第四、五階層分布最多，由其在春秋季節四/五階層所占百分比總和超過55 %，對於有氣喘或過敏體質的人在春秋季節上午出門時，應留意高濃度真菌濃度所帶來之誘發反應。

關鍵字

生物氣膠；安德森採樣器；革蘭氏染色

並列摘要

Bioaerosols were collected in vehicles and in the ambient air of campus and traffic source. The culturable bacteria and fungi were counted after sampling by 6-stage Anderson sampler. The concentration and stage fraction of bioaerosols were investigated and compared. The driving habits of drivers were sorted into 4 states and 8 modes. The highest bacterial concentration is 242 CFU/m3 under window-closed state. The lowest bacterial concentration is 73 CFU/m3 under air-conditioned state. The highest fungal concentration is 303 CFU/m3 under window-open state. The lowest fungal concentration is 111 CFU/m3 under air-conditioned state. Additionally, the highest fractions occurred in the range of the first to the third stage (3.3~7.0μm) for bacteria. The highest fractions occurred in the fifth stage (1.1~2.1μm) for fungi. People with asthma or allergy will be more easily influenced by these small diameters of bioaerosols. To those who have to drive for a long time should pay more attention on the variation of bioaerosols concentrations in vehicles. The bioaerosols in the ambient air of campus and traffic source was collected during four different periods: 8:00AM, 12:00AM, 5:00PM and 9:00PM. The results show that the bacterial and fungal concentrations in the ambient air of campus were comparable with that in the ambient air of traffic source. The highest fractions occurred in the fourth and fifth stage for fungi in every sampling period, especially in spring and autumn. People with asthma and allergy should pay more attention on the variation of bioaerosols concentrations when they go outside in the morning in spring or autumn.

並列關鍵字

Anderson sampler ； bioaerosol ； gram stain

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

開車習慣對車內生物氣膠分布之探討

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