從安置到自立：兒少表意權的經驗探究

From Residential Care to Independence: Exploring Adolescent’s Experience of The Right to be Heard

詹永安(Yoang- An Zhan)

指導教授 ： 吳書昀

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/ncnu202200198

摘要

本研究探討安置兒少在安置年限將至，準備自立的過程當中其表意權的落實程度，同時討論在過程當中安置兒少可能面臨的困難。本研究採質性研究，透過半結構式深度訪談蒐集資料，共訪問四位原安置機構為臺灣中部機構之自立少年。本研究結果如下：
一、兒少並不清楚自立的相關法與準則，以至於部分受訪者自立時間與原訂計畫不符，同時自立也缺乏一致性標準。
二、兒少在準備自立的過程當中，相關專業人員為確保兒少在未來可以獨立自主生活，會以成年人的標準要求兒少，但在與兒少溝通時，對於兒少的意見又會因其年紀而有所斟酌，形成雙重標準的弔詭情形。
三、形成兒少表意困難有以下原因，分別為：與社工的溝通經驗、兒少對「無效溝通」的消極回應、未受到完整的服務、時間無法搭配、不了解自我權益。
基於上述研究發現，研究者將針對自立服務，安置機構以及社會大眾三部分提出建議：
一、對自立服務的建議：建立全國性且公開透明的安置兒少自立指標，並制定相關法條同時建立非正式系統，讓第三方進入服務歷程，以確保兒少表意得以落實
二、對安置機構的建議：針對專業人員規劃兒少表意的相關培訓，同時也針對兒少建立兒少表意的正式教育與實務引導；設置留有正式會議紀錄的溝通管道，以確保兒少表意落實。
三、對社會大眾的建議：改變對兒少的觀點；不論年紀多大都有獨立個體的權益，同時放下對兒少防禦心，不將兒少意見視為對自己的挑戰。

關鍵字

安置兒少 ； 兒少自立 ； 兒少表意權

並列摘要

This study explores the experience of children and youth in the process of preparing for self- independence when the relocation period is approaching, and discusses the difficulties that faced by children and youth to express their opinions in the process of relocating. This study is conducted through qualitative research, collected data through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and interviewed four self-reliant teenagers who are now adults. The main results of this study are as follows:
1.The relevant laws and guidelines for self- independence are not clear, so that some respondents found that the self- independence time was not in line with their original plan. At the same time, the study found that there is a lack of consistency in standards for self-reliance decision-making.
2.In the process of preparing for self- independence, in order to ensure that children can live independently in the future, relevant professionals will require children to be independent according to adult standards. However, when communicating with children, they will consider the children’s notions based on their age, thus forming a double standard.
3.The following reasons are why it is difficult for children in forming and expressing their opinions: poor communication experience with social workers, children's negative response to "invalid communication", failure to receive complete service, unable to match schedule, and children's lack of understanding of self-rights and interests.
Based on the above research findings, the author presents suggestions for self-supporting services, placement institutions and the community in three parts:
1.Suggestions for self- independence services: establishing open and transparent indicators for placing children's self-reliance, and formulating relevant laws and regulations while establishing an informal system at the same time, so that third parties can enter the service process to ensure that children's opinions are implemented
2.Suggestions for placement institutions: planing relevant training for professionals, and also implementing education and practical guidance for children; setting up communication channels with official meeting records to ensure the implementation of children's opinions
3.Suggestions for the community: regardless of age, children should have the rights and interests as independent individuals. Children's opinions are not to challenge adults, but rather is placing importance to their own rights and interests.

並列關鍵字

placement of children ； children's self-reliance ； the right of the child to be heard

參考文獻

一、 中文部分

王思淳（2020）。安置機構實踐兒少表意權利之初探（碩士論文）。取自：https://hdl.handle.net/11296/cp9d3t

白倩如（2018）。安置離院青年自立生活能力培育取向—文化生態觀點。社區發展季刊，164，130-142。

洪文惠(2010)。臺北市弱勢少年自立生活能力評估指標編製說明暨使用手冊。臺北市政府社會局委託研究。

李孟蓉、劉燕萍（2020）。以正向少年發展模式推動與社區互惠的少年社會工作實務。臺大社會工作學刊，41，57-98。