世變．園林．文會──元末顧瑛與玉山雅集研究

元末群雄割據，政治紛擾，面對政權更迭，如何尋求自我安身的立命之道，成為士人必需面對的課題。本論文主要探究元末世變下，顧瑛所建構的園林及以其為首之玉山雅集，文人所展開的園林／山水文會。透過文學／文化活動書寫，觀察元末士人如何透過雅集賦詩吟詠、文宴、山水遊歷、題畫、圖詠等論題，反映出士人於世變下的文學樣態。為釐清園林、雅集的興衰歷程與文人群體的網絡，論文第二章先從吳中政權歷史背景，探究顧瑛、玉山雅集與元末政治的關聯性。次要以玉山雅集群體分析文人身分類型、人際網絡並概論雅集核心詩人，末節從文人的政治抉擇分析文人與雅集之關聯性。第三章則從地理考證論述園林的命名與詮釋，並從玉山草堂的構建析論顧瑛的園林情志。由此開展園林論述，便從園林的記文、序文考述空間方位、分景次序與空間營建，進而分析園林景致與空間所呈現的意義與特殊性。論文第四章與第五章聚焦於玉山雅集文學形式與活動。第四章以雅集文學、文化、娛樂活動、析論玉山雅集文會內容。第五章考述顧瑛收藏之玉石／書畫與分景空間的匾聯題寫，並從《西園雅集圖》、《玉山雅集圖》與《合谿草堂圖》，分析雅集書畫活動與園林空間題詠與圖繪。玉山雅集所展開文會從園林跨及吳中實體山水，吳中的名勝諸景也是文人群體遊歷賦詩的場域，山水的觀照與遊歷也成為另一個探究顧瑛與雅集群體的切入點。論文第六章旨要從遊歷景點勾勒雅集文人遊歷的時間與地景，進而從山水之遊探究山水空間之意義與書寫的語境。本論文希冀從空間、文學與文化的研究角度，以園林、山水為空間範疇，藉由雅集的文學／文化活動，呈現出元末文人處世的樣貌，為玉山雅集在元末文學開展出另一個研究面向。

關鍵字

世變；園林；山水遊歷；玉山雅集；玉山佳處；顧瑛

並列摘要

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the rulers were divided, political turmoil, and how to find a way to settle down in the face of regime change has become a subject that scholars must face. This thesis mainly explores the gardens constructed by Gu Ying and the Yushan Yaji by him, and the gardens/landscape cultural associations developed by literati in the end of Yuan Dynasty. Through the writing of literary/cultural activities, observe how the scholars in the late Yuan Dynasty reflected the literary status of scholars in the world through such topics as poems, banquets, banquets, landscape travels, and paintings.In order to clarify the rise and fall of gardens and elegant collections and the network of literati community, the second chapter of the thesis explores the relationship between Gu Ying, Yushan Yaji and the politics of the end of the Yuan Dynasty from the historical background of the Wuzhong regime. Secondly, it analyzes the type of literati's identity and interpersonal network with Yushan Ya cluster, and introduces the core poets of Ya Ji. The last section analyzes the relationship between the literati and the elegant collection from the political choice of the literati.The third chapter discusses the naming and interpretation of gardens from geographical research, and analyzes Gu Ying's garden sentiment from the construction of Yushan Thatched Cottage. In this way, the discussion of gardens is carried out, and the space orientation, sequence of scene divisions and space construction are examined from the essays and prefaces of the gardens, and then the meaning and particularities presented by the landscapes and spaces of the gardens are explored and analyzed. The fourth and fifth chapters of the thesis focus on the literary form and activities of Yushan Yaji. The fourth chapter analyzes the content of the Yushan Yaji essays by collecting literary, cultural, and entertainment activities. The fifth chapter examines Gu Ying’s collection of jade/painting and calligraphy and the inscription of the plaque in the space of the division, and analyzes the painting and calligraphy activities of the collection from "Xiyuan Yaji Tu"（《西園雅集圖》）, "Yushan Yaji Tu" （《玉山雅集圖》）and "Hexi Cottage Tu" （《合谿草堂圖》）The chanting and drawing of the garden space. The literary session of the Yushan Yaji Center extends from the gardens to the physical landscapes of Wuzhong. The scenic spots in Wuzhong are also the elegant gathering places for the literati group to travel and compose poems. The observation and travel of the landscape has also become another exploration of Gu Ying and Ya's cluster. Entry point. The sixth chapter of the thesis aims to explore the meaning of the landscape space and the context of writing from the travel of the scenic spots. From the perspective of space, literature and culture, this dissertation hopes to use gardens and landscapes as the spatial category, through the literary/cultural activities of Yaji, present the appearance of literati in the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and for the development of Yushan Yaji’s literature in the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Give another research aspect.