國際代工聯盟中知識移轉的決定因素：知識接受者的觀點

對於台灣企業而言，藉由國際代工聯盟合作過程中進行學習與知識移轉，長久以來一直為廠商技術能力提昇之關鍵因素。雖然過去十幾年來，學者對於聯盟中有效促進知識移轉之重要前置變數已有諸多的討論，然而相關研究仍然無法對於跨國聯盟中的知識移轉有著更深入且完整之解釋。立於過去的相關研究基礎之上，本研究以知識接收者的觀點再次探討與驗證知識移轉與其相關重要前置變數間的關係，並且進一步探討跨國知識移轉過程中，是否存有不同之情境干擾變數。藉由文獻探討與個案訪談後，本研究首先以學習廠商特質與夥伴間關係之觀點，提出了四項影響知識移轉的重要前置變數，其分別為學習意圖、資源基礎學習能力、獎酬基礎學習能力，以及關係資本。接著，本研究以廠商的學習意圖及學習能力對知識移轉的影響關係為研究主軸，進一步探討夥伴間的關係資本、國家文化距離，以及資訊科技運用是否會對該研究主軸產生情境干擾效果。在於實證分析方面，本研究以台灣上市上櫃公司，以及過去三年名列中華徵信所1000大製造業廠商為實證研究對象，利用問卷調查法總共收集到206份有效樣本，實證分析結論如下：（1）廠商之學習意圖對於知識移轉具有正向的影響；資源基礎學習能力中之資源支持學習能力，以及外語溝通能力培養對於知識移轉具有正向的影響；獎酬基礎學習能力對於知識移轉具有正向的影響。（2）夥伴間的關係資本對於知識移轉具有正向的影響；關係資本在於知識移轉過程中，其對內隱知識移轉之影響，相對高於對外顯知識移轉的影響。（3）整體而言，情境因素之影響作用與假說預期不盡相同，但仍可清楚發現關係資本、國家文化距離與資訊科技運用的確為國際知識移轉過程中之重要情境因素。

關鍵字

知識移轉；學習意圖；學習能力；關係資本；國家文化距離；資訊科技運用；國際代工聯盟

並列摘要

Learning from international manufacturing alliances has been a key factor for Taiwanese firms to develop their technological capability. Although researchers have discussed a lot about how to efficiently promote knowledge transfer in the context of strategic alliances in the past years, extant studies still could not offer a deep and complete result for us to understand the issue of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances. Based on the foundation of previous studies, this study uses the knowledge receiver’s perspective to re-explore and test the relationship between knowledge transfer and its determinants in international manufacturing alliances, and further to explore whether there exists condition factors during the process of cross-national knowledge transfer. After a literature review and four case studies are conducted, we identify four important determinants of knowledge transfer, which are based on the perspectives of knowledge receiver characteristics and partner relationship; they are learning intent, resource-based learning capacity, incentive-based learning capacity and relational capital. Then, we assume that relational capital, national culture difference, information technology usage are conditional factors for the relationship among learning intent, learning capacity and knowledge transfer. Finally, we conduct an empirical survey and then collect 206 usable samples, which are from Taiwan’s public companies and the top 1000 firms of Taiwan listed in the China Credit Information Service Incorporation, to test our hypothetic relationships drawn from the theoretical framework of this study. The results of empirical study show: (1) a higher level of learning intent, resource-based learning capacity (i.e., resource support and communication) and incentive-based learning capacity corresponds with a higher level of knowledge transfer; (2) a higher level of relational capital associates with a higher level of knowledge transfer; (3) the influence of relational capital on tacit knowledge acquisition is more significant than on explicit knowledge acquisition; (4) the relational capital, national culture difference and information technology usage are confirmed to be conditional factors for the process of knowledge transfer, although the moderating effects of these conditional factors are different from what are expected.

並列關鍵字

knowledge transfer ； learning intent ； learning capacity ； relational capital ； national culture difference ； information technology usage ； international manufacturing alliances