台灣女性創業者之解析：女性主義充權觀點的探討

女性創業，能帶來產業創新研發、活絡經濟效果，也使女性經濟自主，增加自我實現機會。台灣對於女性創業議題研究，多以人力資源、企業管理面向為主，探討創業女性經濟充權的議題較少。因此，本研究企圖以女性主義的視角，分析微型創業的充權歷程，探討（1）女性創業者性別意識與結構限制的因應，及（2）微型創業的充權議題及權力運作之不同構面。本研究採取質化研究進行深度訪談，檢視10位女性創業者的性別經驗與創業歷程，本研究發現，面對社會文化結構的性別角色期待，創業行動增進了女性改變結構限制的機會，形成「結構能動者」之「內醞權力」的發揮。但現有協助女性創業所提供的人力資本、社會資本及財務資本措施，包括培力訓練、創業諮詢、互助協會及金融貸款等，雖有助於女性創業初期施展「施能權力」、「協同權力」，但對於轉型階段的微型創業女性，卻特別感受到後續支持不足的阻力，甚至因無法改變制度的「凌駕權力」而有失權感。最後，本研究試圖指出，女性創業展現克服風險、機會不確定性的創業精神，有別於經濟思維為導向、強調陽剛形式之逐利競爭價值;女性創業重視互助互惠理念，呈現另一種「寧靜權力」之創業精神意涵。

關鍵字

女性創業；創業精神；充權

並列摘要

Women entrepreneurs starting business brings the economic contribution in industry innovation, research, and development, leads women to economic independence, and increases the chance of self-fulfillment. In the past, the research on women entrepreneurs starting business in Taiwan mostly aims at human resource and business administration, whereas the discussion of empowering women by staring their business is few. Thus, in gender aspect, this study trends to explore the factors of empowering women entrepreneurs when they start micro-businesses; it will explore that 1) the gender consciousness of women entrepreneurs and their action strategies, and 2) empowerment issues in the process of women entrepreneurs starting business and power exercise in different aspects. This study uses the qualitative research by deeply interviewing 10 women entrepreneurs and examining their gender experience and the process of starting business. It finds that the action of staring business can enhance women to change the structure limitation when they encounter the expectation of gender role in social-cultural structure, and it creates the power-in-within of agency in the structure. The measures of women empowerment in starting business through the consultants, associations, and loans which provide human capital, social capital and financial capital can help women have power to and power with at the start-up stage of starting business. However, those who are facing the transformation stage particularly feel the lack of support, yet they are not able to overcome the obstacles in the structure. Finally, this study tries to point out that the women entrepreneurship manifesting in overcoming risk and seeking opportunity on an uncertain venture is different from men entrepreneurship i.e. economics-oriented and competition emphasized. It focuses on reciprocal relationship in starting business and shows another value: quiet power.