國家運動訓練中心優秀女子壘球選手於比賽中的壓力來源以及因應策略之研究

本研究旨在探討國家運動訓練中心優秀女子壘球選手，於比賽中的壓力來源及面對壓力的因應策略，以質性研究取向訪談參加 109 學年度大專女子壘球聯賽選手共 11 名作為研究對象。透過半結構深度訪談法，紀錄並歸納分析選手於比賽中的經驗與經歷。本研究之主要結論：研究對象大多數都沒有接受過心理技能訓練的課程，對於心理技能訓練上較缺乏，選手主要的壓力來源則來自於：教練期待、對手強弱、當天自我身體狀況與心理狀況及氣候影響，在面臨壓力時所採取的主要因應策略有：意象訓練、自我對話、放鬆法。雖選手未接受過正規的心理技能訓練，多數選手仍使用正面的心態因應比賽時所面臨的壓力，但若能提早讓選手學習相關技能，相信有助於提高心理素質，進而提升運動表現。本研究發現研究對象大多數都沒有接受過心理技能訓練的課程，對於心理技能訓練上較缺乏，選手也希望能將心理技能訓練加入課程中能同時提升技術與心理技能，也能從中讓教練更了解選手。由此可知心理技能訓練對於選手是非常重要的。根據研究發現，本論文提供建議給選手、大學培育選手之科系、教練、國訓中心及後續研究者。

關鍵字

女子壘球；壓力來源；壓力因應策略；心理素質

並列摘要

The research aims to study the cause of stress and coping strategies during the games of female softball players in Taiwan’s National Sports Training Center. The applied research approach was to reveal players real in-game experience through semi-structural interviews specifically on 11 players of University Softball League (USL) in the 109 Academic Year. The research findings suggest that the primary sources of stress the female softball players in National Sports Training Center are undertaking expectation from coaches, the status of the rivals, physical and mental stableness of player themselves and even the environmental factors. To tackle with these, the common measures players would take are: Simulation Training, Self-talk, and Relaxation; the majority of players choose to take more positive approaches rather than negative stimulation. This research found that most of the research participants have not received any psychological skills training courses, and lack of psychological skills knowledge. Players believe that adding psychological skills courses to the daily training schedule would improve softball drills and psychological skills, then coaches would know players better. Therefore, the psychological skills training is very important for players. Based on the results of this study, this research provides suggestions to the players, universities, coaches, the National Training Center, and follow-up researchers.