同步與非同步網路語音溝通對英語口語學習之成效

The Effects of Voice-based Synchronous and Asynchronous CMC on EFL Learners' Oral Proficiency

陳潓萱(Fiona Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳浩然

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/英語學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

研究第二語言學習的學者指出，相較於課室內面對面之口語練習，網路語音溝通提供語言學習者較無壓力的口語練習環境，成功地提升學習者間對話的互動性與目標語的使用。然而多數實證研究，乃根植於網路文字溝通與學習外國語言的關係；隨著科技進步與網路頻寬成長，本研究旨在探討、比較同步與非同步網路語音溝通對英語口語學習之成效，以及學習者對其之看法。本實驗將實驗參與者分為兩組實驗組，分別接受同步網路語音溝通以及非同步網路語音溝通；一組控制組，不接受任何網路語音溝通的口語訓練。每位實驗參與者均接受初級全民英檢口語測驗之前測與後測，評量受測者發音之正確性、口語流利度以及文法及內容之正確性。另外利用問卷調查實驗參與者對於同步與非同步網路語音溝通之看法。資料分析包括描述性統計以及單因子變異數數分析。
本研究主要發現如下：
1. 同步與非同步網路語音溝通，皆能顯著提升語言學習者之口語能力，尤其在發音與口語流利度的方面。
2. 比較同步與非同步網路語音溝通實驗參與者之口語進步幅度，非同步網路語音溝通參與者，在發音與流利度方面的進步幅度，明顯大於同步網路語音溝通參與者之進步幅度。然而在文法與內容層面，兩組進步幅度並無顯著差異。結果顯示，非同步網路語音溝通在提學習者口語之發音與流利度之成效，是顯著大於同步網路語音溝通。
3. 根據問卷調查結果，學生對於透過網路語音溝通以增進口語能力，抱持正面態度；並且有強烈持續進行此口語訓練之想法。另外，就學生進行的八個討論題目而言，學生較偏好與網際網路相關之主題，以及與其文化背景相關之題目。
本論文根據研究結果，提供了相關的教學建議。
1. 網路語音溝通可彌補大班英語教學之不足，讓學生大量接觸並且練習目標語言。網路語音溝通也可以提升學生語言學習之動機，並成為學生在課室英語學習之外，另一個目標語口語練習的媒介。
2. 不同於以往的網路文字溝通對於口語內容與文法結構上的影響，若教師的主要教學目的是提升學生單字發音和口語流利度，網路語音溝通能帶來相當顯著的成效。而非同步網路語音溝通之成效，更較同步模式佳。
3. 因為學生對於討論主題的偏好，會影響學生對於口語討論之動機以及參與程度。所以老師可以參考本實驗之結果，設計線上口語討論之主題；亦或是在活動設計之前，邀請學習者共同決定題目。
4. 教師在網路語音溝通融入英語口語教學裡，扮演的是輔助者，輔助學生順利進行線上口語討論，並在學生遇到硬體或軟體的相關問題時，提供幫助。

關鍵字

電腦輔助英語教學 ； 口語教學 ； 同步與非同步 ； 網路語音溝通

並列摘要

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is believed to create low-anxiety learning environment, facilitating the practice of the target language. However, most empirical studies focus on the effect of text-based CMC on language learning whereas little attention has been paid to voice-based CMC. Thanks to the development of networked techniques which make voice-based CMC practicable, the study examined the effect of voice-based CMC on developing learners’ oral proficiency, compared the effects that voice-based synchronous CMC (SCMC) and voice-based asynchronous CMC (ACMC) have on participants’ speaking ability, and investigated learners’ perception of voice-based CMC. One hundred and three participants from a vocational high school were divided into three groups: two experimental groups having voice-based ACMC and SCMC respectively, and a control group without any voice-based CMC treatment. All participants were required to take pre- and post-test to evaluate their progress on oral proficiency from the aspects of pronunciation, fluency, grammar and content. Moreover, post-study questionnaire was adopted to investigate learners’ perception of voice-based CMC. Data analysis mainly included descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA.
The major findings of the present study are as follows:
1. Voice-based CMC significantly enhanced foreign language learners’ oral proficiency, especially in target language pronunciation as well as fluency.
2. Regarding the comparison of the effects that voice-based SCMC and ACMC had on learners’ oral proficiency, ACMC group made significantly greater progress than SCMC group did in terms of pronunciation and fluency. Yet, no significant progress on the accuracy of grammar and content was made by both groups.
3. Most learners hold positive attitude toward having topic discussion in the context of voice-based CMC and showed strong intention to have voice-based CMC in the future. Besides, among the eight discussion topics adopted in the present study, learners preferred the Internet and culture related topics.
These findings suggest several pedagogical implications.
1. Voice-based CMC provides abundant target language input as well as output, facilitating foreign language learners’ learning in speaking ability.
2. While text-based CMC has positive effect on the accuracy of grammar and content in learners’ oral productions, voice-based CMC has significant promising effect on learners’ oral proficiency in terms of pronunciation and fluency. Furthermore, compared with voice-based SCMC, voice-based ACMC is much more effective for language teachers to develop learners’ pronunciation and speech fluency.
3. Teachers may design the discussion topics based on the present findings or even invite learners to decide the oral discussions to guarantee their interest in participating in the oral discussion.
4. When incorporating voice-based CMC into language teaching, teachers play as facilitators to help learners get involved in the online oral discussion.

並列關鍵字

CALL ； Oral Proficiency ； Synchronous and Asynchronous ； Voice-based Computer-Mediated Communication

參考文獻

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