以綠蠵龜發展生態旅遊之居民參與態度探討 -以澎湖望安島為例

Local Residents Attitude toward the “Green Sea Turtle Ecotourism” upon their Island Home –A case study of Wang-Ann Island, Penghu Archipelago

張永祥(Yung-Shiang Chang)

指導教授 ： 蔡慧敏

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

小型島嶼因海洋環繞、相對隔離、常具獨特之生物文化多樣性，然而環境也相對脆弱，外來發展極易破壞資源及損害居民生活品質。晚近，島嶼生態旅遊之推動，常以特定生態資源為目標，吸引遊客前往休閒；但旅遊規劃者對於世居島嶼家園的在地生活文化、環境感知及參與意願，卻常輕忽。以近年推動綠蠵龜保育及生態旅遊的澎湖望安島為例，在澎湖望安島每年都有穩定的綠蠵龜上岸產卵紀錄，政府部門為呼應國際保育理念，在1995年於望安島劃設六處綠蠵龜保護區。自保護區設置至生態體驗，多為外來專家或政策主導，在地觀點較少聽聞。
為理解居民態度，本研究以望安島居民為對象，進行問卷面訪，先理解「居民對望安島的意象」、「對生態旅遊的看法」；進而探討「對綠蠵龜的意象」及「參與綠蠵龜生態旅遊的工作方式」。研究發現：居民對望安島的意象，以「社會安詳」、「海洋」最顯著，甚少提及綠蠵龜；居民對生態旅遊的概念普遍不瞭解，但認為最具旅遊潛力者為中社花宅；對綠蠵龜則多有情感連結，大多數不贊同以此標的發展生態旅遊；居民對於參與綠蠵龜相關事務之意願不高；但若有解說培訓、沙灘維護、海龜巡護、海洋遊憩引導等工作，則有較高參與意願。本研究顯示，生態旅遊雖強調在地參與及收益回饋社區；但在小島更應理解以島為家的居民觀點、尊重在地文化、落實社區為主體之參與機制、共同維護島嶼之自然與文化。

關鍵字

島嶼生態旅遊 ； 居民參與 ； 望安島 ； 綠蠵龜

並列摘要

Surrounded by ocean and relatively isolation, small islands have long been internationally noted for their rich bio-cultural diversity; islands are also particularly vulnerable to outside disturbances which often results in the degradation of island environment and people’s living quality. In recent decades the promotion of island ecotourism often target a specific ecological resource to attract tourists for leisure purposes. However, how and what the local residents’ perceptions on their own island home when that will be provided to tourism? And at what level of their willingness to participate the ecotourism? These perspectives of understanding have often been ignored during planning process due to tourism planners often come from outside experts; the Wang-Ann Island of Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan is one of these cases. In this study, we tried to understand Wang-Ann Island local residents’ perceptions on island ecotourism and the target resource- green sea turtles. Applying interview questionnaires, we firstly asked about their“image upon home island”,“viewpoints on their island’s resources for tourism”, then asked their“perceptions on ecotourism”, and furthermore inquired their“image and experiences about the green sea turtle”and“the willingness/ ways to participate in the green sea turtles ecotourism”.
The result shows that, the main images of Wang-Ann Island for local people are about the harmony and peace of their island community and the beauty of ocean; non of answers mentioned about green turtle. Most residents have no idea on the concept of ecotourism, but the most recommended place for tourism is their cultural heritages represented on Chong-she village. Regarding to green sea turtle, there are much emotional connections with local people, but most people do not agree to use turtle as a target to promote ecotourism due to their worry on the disturbance from tourists on the turtles. For the participation, residents showed less interests in the current tourism development models, but they show high interests in participation if there are programs for interpretors’ training, sand beach protection stewardship, sea turtles protection and monitoring, or act as marine recreational activities guides. This study shows that although one of ecotourism emphasis is on local participation and community benefits, local perceptions on their island home often been ignored; planners need to be more awareness and understanding on local culture and local perceptions on tourism, and involve local participation during planning and operation process, thus to protect island nature and culture at the same time.

並列關鍵字

Island ecotourism ； Local participate ； Wang-Ann Island ； Green sea turtle

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