高等教育功能之變遷及機構分類策略之研究

The Changing o Higher Education's Functions and Strategy of Calssification of Higher Education Institutions

馬湘萍(Sophia Ma)

指導教授 ： 楊深坑

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討高等教育功能的變遷及高等教育機構分類的策略。為深入了解高等教育功能的轉變，本文先從大學興起及發展的過程，探討高等教育功能演變的歷程，進而分析當代高等教育功能變遷的因素及功能，並分析英、德及美等三國對於高等教育機構分類的策略，歸納優缺得失並提出高等教育機構功能分類的策略之建議，最後依據前項之探討、分析提出結論及建議，作為教育行政研究及政策決定之參考。
根據前述的分析及探討，本研究的結論如下：
壹、自中世紀大學興起至二十世紀初高等教育功能逐漸發展轉變，不論中世紀的大學、英國博雅教育式的大學、德國的研究型大學及美國的綜合大學，在不同的時代背景及特殊的地域條件下，其所發展出來的功能均為反應當時的環境及社會需求。
貳、由於知識經濟、新科技發展、全球化、大眾化及終身學習理念等種種社會變遷之因素，令當代高等教育功能丕變。
參、當代高等教育功能大體歸納為教學、研究、服務、社會批判、提供平等教育機會及促進國際化等六項功能，並各自分化出許多功能，為因應轉變後的多重功能，解決之道為進行高等教育機構分類。
肆、因應當代高等教育功能之轉變，英國、德國、美國三個主要國家高等教育機構分類策略為保存既有的學術型大學以維持菁英教育及學術研究的功能，以另設機構的方式滿足各類需求及完成各種功能。
伍、從英、德、美三國的高等教育機構分類策略歸納出高等教育機構分類策略的趨勢。
根據以上結論，爰提出以下建議作為教育政策及執行者之參考：
壹、受到社會變遷的影響，我國高等教育在功能上亦產生新的變化，政府應明察此轉變並積極地回應。
貳、在大學外另行設立滿足大眾化需求的教學型大學，對於注重學術研究的傳統研究型大學則應予維持。
參、為提昇大學的研究能力並追求卓越發展，研究型大學的研究功能應再強化。
肆、由於經濟發展及產業需求，應加強技術學院及科技大學的功能。
伍、高等教育機構體系宜採美國的垂直分化方式。
陸、以不同的經費補助方式之政策導引各類高等教育機構依功能分類。
柒、師資培育應在一般大學進行，師範校院應轉型為綜合大學。
捌、高等教育機構之分類應立法強制執行。

關鍵字

高等教育 ； 功能 ； 機構分類策略

並列摘要

The Changing of Higher Education’s Functions and Strategy of Classification of Higher Education Institutions
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the changing of higher education’s function and strategy of classification of higher education institutions. In order to understand the development of higher education and historical context of changing of higher education’s functions , the study begins with a sketch of backgrounds about origin of university in Medieval Europe, then, discusses the factors which influence and change contemporary higher education’s functions. Next , the study analyze the strategy of higher education institutions’s classification of Great Britain,German and United States. Based on the above discussion, the researcher attempt to expound suggestions.
The findings of the study are as followings:
1. Higher education’s functions change and develop gradually from Medieval university. The functions are always changed by circumstance and areas.
2. The functions of contemporary higher education change heavily because of knowledge economy ,the rapid development of technology , globalization, massification and life-long learning.
3. The functions of contemporary higher education are teaching, research , service, social critic, equal access opportunity to higher education and globalization and it is the best way to classify the higher education’s institutions to fulfill the multiple functions of contemporary higher education.
4. The strategy of higher education institution’s classification of Great Britain，German and United States is to conserve the traditional elite-type universities which are research-oriented and establish the non-university sectors to react the massification and industrial need .
5. There are some tendency about the strategy of higher education institution’s classification of Great Britain，German and United States.
According to the findings above, the research brought up following suggestions：
1. Government have to be aware that higher education’s functions of Taiwan have changed because of social change, then react aggressively.
2. It is suitable to establish non-university sectors to react the massification and industrial need ; meanwhile, to maintain the traditional research-oriented universities.
3. Government have to put emphasis on the research function of research-oriented university to keep excellent.
4. Government must strengthen the function of technology college and university to react the development of economy and industrial need.
5. The vertical-oriented diversification of the higher education’s system of the United States is a suitable for our country .
6. The granting policy to lead higher education institutions to classified by the functions is a available strategy for government.
7. Elementary and secondary school teachers can be trained in universities and teacher’s college ought to upgrade to universities.
8. Government have to legalize to make higher education institutions to classify by functions.

並列關鍵字

Higher Education ； Function ； Strategy of Calssification of Higher Education Institutions

參考文獻

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