發展台灣申辦國際綜合運動賽會城市之參考條件研究

A study on Developing the Referential Conditions of Taiwan Cities for Bidding the International Games

田孝倫(Hsiao-Lun Tien)

指導教授 ： 程紹同

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究目的在於發展出適合台灣申辦國際綜合運動賽會之參考條件，以及台灣申辦國際綜合運動賽會城市之參考條件，其次再提出目前較適合台灣申辦的國際綜合運動賽會之專家意見
，以提供中華奧會、體委會以及國內欲申辦國際綜合運動賽會城市之重要參考。本研究運用德懷術（Delphi technique）研究法，針對德懷術專家研究小組成員進行反覆的問卷調查。
根據調查所得的資料，以內容分析法及平均數、眾數、標準差做統計分析，得到的結果顯示：
【適合國內城市申辦的國際綜合運動賽會之參考條件】
1.選擇在政府財政能力上能夠負荷的賽會（包括興建硬體設施、舉辦賽會時所需的費用等）。
2.在申辦賽會的選擇上，選擇遊說較有把握成功的國際運動賽會（意指我國體育外交關係上，與國際運動組織人脈關係較具優勢的部分）。
3.考慮我國現有運動場館設施條件能夠承辦的賽會（尤其是場館面積、觀眾席座位數、燈光照
明以及週邊硬體設備能符合賽會規模）。
4.選擇受到政治干擾的因素較低的賽會（例如：較不牽涉到關於主權、旗歌、會旗與元首開幕等問題）。
【台灣申辦國際綜合運動賽會城市之參考條件】
一、 政治與群眾支持
1.政府須確保政策的一貫性，避免申辦國際綜合運動會成功後，無法全力配合舉辦。
2.申辦的城市能先取得體委會的認可成為申辦城市，並成立專職的申辦委員會。
3.申辦城市須獲得國家、中央、地方與民眾的全力支持。
4.申辦城市的政治情況須穩定，沒有任何妨礙申辦的因素存在。（例如：朝野對舉辦賽會有一致支持的看法）
5.政府提出保證所有選手及相關人員可以取得簽證進入台灣比賽（海關全力配合賽事需求）。
6.申辦城市能積極推動排除限制申辦賽會與體育發展的法令。
7.申辦城市能積極推動制定新的法令來促進申辦賽會與體育發展。
二、 基礎建設
1.申辦城市的媒體轉播設備及通訊能力能符合賽事水準及需求。
2.申辦城市能整合規劃現有的基礎公共建設，例如：航空系統、公路及網路架設等。
3.申辦城市能夠擁有便捷和集中的交通系統，各場館的交通時間皆能於30分至一小時以內抵達。
4.申辦城市提供符合賽事需求的選手村或住宿的設置與規劃
5.申辦城市能預先提供關於賽會舉辦後對環境可能產生影響之相關資料（例如，對空氣品質、土地、生態等可能造成的影響）。
三、 運動設施
1.申辦城市擁有較集中且符合賽會標準的運動場館及足夠的練習場地於比賽場附近。
2.申辦城市擁有符合賽事規模的主運動場和配套措施（如媒體中心等）。
四、 後勤支援與舉辦經驗
1.申辦城市須提出完善的計畫，確保賽會期間選手及行政人員食宿無虞。
2.申辦城市須提出安全的接待措施與維護計畫，確保比賽相關人員及觀眾的安全。
3.申辦城市須擁有國際認可的藥檢中心，確保賽會舉辦期間提供合格的藥檢服務。
4.申辦城市在承辦國際運動賽會上須有豐富的舉辦經驗，並能做好與單項協會專業之分工。
五、 財政能力
1.申辦城市須提出完善的行銷計畫與明確的財政收支預算，確保經費來源無虞。
2.申辦城市須提供免費的安全、醫療等服務。
3.申辦城市所屬之中央政府須承諾籌措必要運動設施所需的建設資金。
4.申辦城市須先做舉辦賽會的經濟效益評估。
5.申辦城市須承諾，能以免費或低價租賃的方式取得賽會期間所有比賽場地及相關場地的使用權。
6.申辦城市得提供參賽選手及隨隊人員來回機票優惠與低廉膳宿的承諾。
六、 其他
1.舉辦賽會時能有良好的氣候及環境。
2.成立跨部會的申辦工作專職單位，聯繫各部會並提早規劃與評估所要申辦的國際綜合運動會。
3.提早接觸主控決選舉辦城市的委員或會員代表，增加遊說能力。
4.我國運動實力提升，有奪標可能的運動項目需增多，避免在獲得舉辦權後，因國內運動實力不佳造成民眾及輿論的負面評價。
5.國內能成立工作經驗豐富國際運動賽會執行團隊或聘請國外專業團隊指導申辦工作。
6.市府有共識，且提早組團參觀考察及宣傳。
7.加強規劃申辦文件及宣傳文宣的能力。
8.國民及市民有意願購票入場觀看。
【適合我國舉辦之國際綜合運動賽會】
一、國際少年運動會 二、世界大學運動會 三、世界運動會
關鍵字：國際綜合運動賽會、德懷術、申辦城市

關鍵字

國際綜合運動賽會 ； 德懷術 ； 申辦城市

並列摘要

The purpose of thesis study was to propose the preferable conditions of International Games which Taiwan might bid for, and to propose the preferable conditions of the bidding cities in Taiwan. And this study also presented the International Games which experts agreed that are more suitable for Taiwan to bid for, as a reference for the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee and the National Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Applying the Delphi Technique, this study repeatedly sent out questionnaires to the target expert research group members to collect the data.
The findings of this study were analyzed by Content Analysis and Statistic Analysis, the results are as follows:
[Preferable Conditions of International Games which Taiwan Might Bid For]
1. To be financially affordable to Taiwan’s government. (This includes the expenses of building the facilities and hosting the games.)
2. To bid the highly possible international games. (i.e. having the advantages in the foreign relationship in sport world)
3. To be compatible with the present facilities of stadiums in Taiwan. (especially for the size of the stadium, the available seat numbers, the lighting, and the infrastructures)
4. To bid the international games with less disturbed politically. (i.e. being less involved with issues such as sovereignty, national flag, national anthem, or an opening by the sovereign of a country)
[Preferable Conditions of Bidding Cities in Taiwan]
1. Being supported politically and publicly
i. The government must maintain the consistent policy. Once the bidding is succeeded, the government should fulfill the promises.
ii. Before becoming a candidate city, the bidding city should be approved by the National Council on Physical Fitness and Sports and establish a specific bidding committee.
iii. The bidding city must be supported by the government and the public.
iv. The bidding city must be politically stable, without any disturbing factors (e.g. the ruling and opposing parties should have consensus in holding the game.)
v. The government should promise that the athletes and relating personnel can get visas. (The customs should cooperate.)
vi. The bidding city should actively abolish the regulations, which restrain the bidding of games or the development of sport activities.
vii. The bidding city should actively make laws, which would improve the bidding of games or the development of sport activities.
2. Possessing fundamental infrastructures
i. The bidding city should have the broadcasting facilities and communication ability, which are compatible with the standard and requirement of the games.
ii. The bidding city should be able to integrate the existing infrastructures, e.g. the aviation network, the highways, and the computer network.
iii. The bidding city should have a convenient and integrated traffic system, which limits the commuting time between two competing places to less than one hour.
iv. The bidding city should provide satisfactory athlete’s village or well-planed accommodations.
v. The bidding city should provide in advance the related information of what impacts the games might cause on the environment. (e.g. the impacts on the quality of the air, soil, or the ecosystem. )
3. Possessing fundamental sporting infrastructures
i. The bidding city should have stadiums, which meet the standard of the games and are close to one another, as well as sufficient practice places near the stadiums.
ii. The bidding city should have a main stadium which conforms to the scale of the games and the relating facilities (e.g. the media center)
4. Possessing logistical support and the experience of holding such games.
i. The bidding city must propose a complete plan which ensures the accommodations of the athletes and relating personnel during the game period.
ii. The bidding city must propose a sound security plan, which ensures the security of relating personnel and the audience.
iii. The bidding city must have drug inspection center, which is recognized internationally, in order to provide qualified drug inspection services.
iv. The bidding city must be experienced in holding international games, and be able to cooperate with other associations on specific events.
5. Being financially capable of hosting the game
i. The bidding city must propose a sound marketing plan and an explicit budget to ensure that the funds are available.
ii. The bidding city must provide free security and medical services.
iii. The bidding city’s government must promise to raise the funds needed in constructing the necessary sporting infrastructure.
iv. The bidding city must evaluate the economic effects brought by the games.
v. The bidding city must guarantee that, during the game period, all the fields and relating places will be available at low rental prices or for free.
vi. The bidding city may provide the competing athletes and the relating staff with a discount on the plane ticket and/or accommodations.
6. Others
i. The weather and environment should be suitable for the games during the game period.
ii. There should be a cross-ministry full-time organization, which is responsible for the bidding process, and the planning for and evaluation of the bidding international games.
iii. A close relationship with the committee members or representatives of the members who can decide on the host city can be built in advance in order to be more persuasive in the bidding process.
iv. The events favorable to our nation should be increased to avoid the possible domestic negative impression caused by unsatisfactory competing results.
v. The government should establish a professional executive group in conducting international games, or employ professional foreign executive groups to instruct the bidding process.
vi. The city government should have the consensus, visit the former hosting cities, and publicize the events in advance.
vii. The bidding city should improve the ability in organizing the bidding documents and the propaganda.
viii. The countrymen or citizen should be willing to buy the tickets to the games.
[The Ideal International Games suitable for Taiwan to host]
1.International Children's Game, 2. Universiade, 3. World Games.
Keywords: International Games, Delphi Technique, bidding city.

並列關鍵字

International Games ； Delphi Technique ； bidding city

參考文獻

報告。台北：行政院體育委員會。

中華民國大專院校體育總會（民90）。中華民國大專院校體育總會辦理申辦二00七年世大運評估報告。台北：中華民國大專院校體育總會。

劉舜傑（民90）。建構優質的學校環境教育教材之特質取向及參考指標：一個德懷術的研究。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。

Dalkey, N. (1969).The Delphi method: An experimental study of group opinion. CA: Rand.

Delbecq, A.L. et al. (1975). Group techniques for program planning: A guide to nominal group and Delphi processes. NJ: Scott, Foresman and Company.