父母的教養方式、自主支持與兒童生活適應之關係

The Relationships Among Parenting Style, Parental Autonomy Support, and Children’s Life Adjustment

蔡宜真(Tsai Yi-Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳秀蓉

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900348

摘要

過去研究指出父母教養方式對兒童生活適應的影響，但鮮少將自主支持與此兩者間的關係進行探討。本研究主要的目的是探討父母教養、父母自主支持與兒童生活適應的關係，並進一步解釋自主支持在父母教養與兒童生活適應間的中介效果。以基隆市某國小高年級學童為研究對象，有效樣本數為175。研究方法採用問卷調查法，參與者共填寫三份量表：「父母教養方式問卷」、「家長自主支持量表」及「國小學童生活適應量表」。使用多變量變異數分析、相關分析、迴歸與中介效果分析。其主要結果如下：1.不同性別在知覺父母自主支持有顯著差異，女生高於男生；年級在正向生活適應總分、親和力和社會適應上有顯著差異，六年級高於五年級；母親的教育程度高的兒童，在知覺父親有較高的回應。
2. 父親教養方式（回應與要求）與所有的主變項（父母教養、父母自主支持、兒童生活適應）皆有正相關；母親回應除了與生活目標無相關外，其餘皆顯著正達相關；父親自主支持除了與生活目標不相關外，其餘皆顯著正達相關；母親自主支持除了與社會適應和生活目標不相關外，其餘皆顯著正達相關。3. 無論父母單一方或父母搭配的教養與自主支持下，父母教養對兒童正向生活適應皆具有預測力；父親教養搭配母親自主支持下，母親自主支持對親和力有預測力；母親教養搭配父親自主支持下，父親自主支持對兒童正向生活適應與親和力有預測力。4.父親自主支持對父親教養與兒童正向生活適應有中介效果；母親自主支持對母親要求與兒童親和力有中介效果；父親自主支持對母親教養與兒童正向生活適應有中介效果；母親自主支持對父親教養與兒童親和力有中介效果。最後提供家長教養兒童的建議與本研究限制和未來研究方向的討論。

關鍵字

教養方式 ； 自主支持 ； 生活適應

並列摘要

Although some researches indicated that parenting effect children’s life adjustment, there were seldom research explored the role of autonomy support between them.The aim of this study is to explore the relationships among parenting, parental autonomy support, and adjustment of children. It also explored the mediate effects of parental autonomy support on parenting and children’s life adjustment. The participants of this study were 175 upper graders (5 and 6 grader) from an Elementary School in Keelung. They filled three questionnaires, including Parenting Style, Parental Autonomy Support, and Elementary School Children Life Adjustment. The data through MANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple hierarchical regression, and medicate regression. The result of showed that (1) female students felt higher parental autonomy support than male counterpart; sixth graders had higher score on positive life adjustment, affinity, and social adaption than fifth graders；and that mother’s education was a significant factor on the scales of children’s feeling about father’s response (2) Both father’s or mother’s parenting style were significantly related to all main variables, and father’s parenting style resulted in stronger when compared to most of parenting styles of the mothers; and father’s and mother’s autonomy support were related to positive life adjustment, affinity, social skill, and work and play; and not social adaption and life goal, (3) Father’s and mother’s parenting style and parental autonomy support were partly predict children’s life adjustment. (4) Father’s autonomy support is a mediator of both father’sand mother’s parenting style and children’s positive life adjustment; Father’s or mother’s autonomy support is a mediator of parenting style and the subscale, affinity. Finally, there were some recommendations for parents, discussion of restrictions and limitations of the research, and suggested areas for further research.

並列關鍵字

parenting ； autonomy support ； life adjustment

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