桃園市北區國小導師對學童近視防治行為意圖及其相關因素研究

本研究之目的在探討桃園市國小導師對學童近視防治之健康信念、行動線索、自我效能、近視防治行為意圖之現況及相關影響因素。以桃園市北區某三個行政區109學年度現職之公立國民小學班級導師為母群體，採分層集束抽樣法以學校為抽樣單位，以自編結構式問卷為研究工具，共得有效問卷共341份，有效回收率97.7％。本研究重要結果如下：一、研究對象社會人口學變項與對學童近視防治之健康信念、自我效能、行為意圖關係中發現：（一）在「自覺學童近視罹患性」有顯著差異的是「年齡」、「婚姻狀況」、「是否有子女」、「子女是否近視」等四項；（二）在「自覺學童近視防治障礙性」有差異的是「教育程度」、「服務年資」、「婚姻狀況」、「是否有子女」等四項；（三）在「自覺學童近視防治之行動效益」有差異的是「是否有子女」；（四）在「對學童近視防治行動線索」有差異的是「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「是否有子女」、「任教年級」、「是否參與學童近視防治研習課程」、「是否參擔任健康與體育領域教師」等六項；（五）在對「學童近視防治之自我效能」有顯著差異的是「年齡」、「是否有子女」、「子女是否近視」、「服務年資」、「任教年級」、「是否參與學童近視防治研習課程」等六項；（六）在「對學童近視防治行為意圖」有顯著差異的是「性別」，女性教師對學童近視防治行為意圖高於男性教師。二、研究對象對學童近視防治之健康信念中「自覺學童近視防治障礙性」與近視防治行動線索中之「外在線索」呈現顯著負相關，「自覺學童近視防治之行動效益」與「內在線索」呈現顯著正相關。研究對象對學童近視防治自我效能及健康信念中「自覺學童近視罹患性」、「自覺學童近視嚴重性」、「自覺學童近視防治之行動效益」，對於學童近視防治之行為意圖皆呈現顯著正相關。三、研究對象社會人口學變項中的性別、對學童近視防治之健康信念的行動效益及對學童近視防治之自我效能等變項，能有效預測對學童近視防治行為意圖，其變異量之解釋力為42.6％，其中「對學童近視防治之自我效能」對學童近視防治行為意圖影響力最大、其次為「性別」、再其次為「自覺學童近視防治之行動效益」。本研究依結論提出對未來教育行政單位及學校之建議與改進方針，以提高研究對象對學童近視防治之行為的實施。

關鍵字

國小教師；近視防治；健康信念；行動線索；自我效能；行為意圖

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the current status of health beliefs, action clues, self-efficacy, behavioral intentions for school children myopia prevention and related factors for elementary school teachers in Taoyuan city. Research subjects were public elementary school class tutors working in three administrative districts of North Taoyuan in the 109 school year. Stratified cluster sampling was applied with each school as the sampling unit. A self-compiled structured questionnaire was used as the research tool and a total of 341 valid data was collected. Important results of this research are as follows: 1. The relationship between the sociodemographic variables of the research objects and the health beliefs about perceived susceptibility of children myopia is found to be significant in "age", "marital status", "have kid/not", "have kids with/without myopia". The relationship between the sociodemographic variables of the research objects and the health beliefs about perceived barriers of prevent children myopia is found to be significant in "education level", "years of service", "marital status", " have kid/not". The relationship between the sociodemographic variables of the research objects and the health beliefs about perceived benefit of prevent children myopia is found to be significant in " have kid/not". The relationship between the sociodemographic variables of the research objects and the health beliefs about cues to prevent children myopia is found to be significant in "education level", "marital status", " have kid/not ", "teaching grade", "participate training course in school children's myopia prevention". The relationship between the sociodemographic variables of the research objects and self efficacy of children myopia prevention is found to be significant in “age”, “have kid/not”, “have kids with/without myopia”, “years of service”, “teaching grade”, “"participate training course in school children's myopia prevention”. The relationship between the sociodemographic variables of the research objects and preventive intention of children myopia is found to be significant in gender, where female teacher had higher preventive intention than male. 2. The research objects'' health beliefs about the prevention and treatment of myopia in schoolchildren showed a significant negative correlation between the "perceived barriers of school children's myopia prevention" and the "external cues" in the action clues for myopia prevention. A significant positive correlation is shown in "perceived benefit of school children's myopia prevention" and "internal cues" in the action clues for myopia prevention. Research subjects' perceived susceptibility of children myopia, perceived seriousness of children myopia, and perceived benefit of children myopia prevention, are positively correlated with preventive intention of children myopia. 3. The research object's gender, benefit of myopia prevention of school children, and self-efficacy of myopia prevention of school children, can effectively predict the behavior intention of myopia prevention in school children. The explanatory power is 42.6%, among which "self-efficacy of myopia prevention in school children", is most influential, followed by "gender", and "perceived benefit of myopia prevention of school children". Based on the conclusions of this study, suggestions and policies improvement for school administration are provided for school children myopia prevention.