校外教學場域服務效能對教師教學效能之影響─以林務局自然教育中心為例

自2009年國民中小學辦理校外教學實施原則頒布後，校外教學成為國中小學必要辦理的課程活動之一。然而校外教學的地點包羅萬象，教師是否認為校外教學場域所提供之服務可以提升教師教學成效為本研究探討核心問題。本研究配合2017行政院農業委員會林務局「林務局自然教育中心服務資源綜合分析診斷計畫」進行。在服務效能部分，將自然教中心分成為「環境特質、教育特色、經營管理」三大構面；在影響教師教學效能部分，分為「教學準備、教材內容、教學技巧、學習氣氛、教學評量」五大構面。本研究採用問卷調查，凡符合林務局自然教育中心之潛在目標客群 (教師客群)，皆包含在本研究之範圍。問卷於2017年7月至10月發放，共回收有效問卷415份。研究結果發現：一、自然教育中心之服務效能整體表現佳，尤其在教育特色表現最為突出。二、自然教育中心對教師效能之提升具有影響力，尤其在教材內容與教學技巧。三、自然教育中心之服務效能對教師教學效能具有中高程度之相關 (一) 環境特質影響教材內容程度最高；(二) 教育特色影響教師教學效能最為廣泛；(三) 經營管理影響教師教學技巧程度最高。四、資深教師群對於自然育中心能幫助教師教學效能程度較年輕教師群高，因為資深教師對於自然教育中心認同程度較佳。根據以上結果，提出給自然教育中心在以學校教師為對象之經營建議：一、保持環境特質，開發多元環境場所。二、不斷精進教育特色，擦亮教育招牌。三、推廣中心專業人才吸引學校教師。四、針對年輕族群教師進行自然教育中心服務內容之推廣。

關鍵字

教學效能；服務效能；校外教學；自然教育中心；學校外部資源

並列摘要

Extramural education has become a critical concept for school activities since the implementation principle of extramural education in elementary and junior high schools was promulgated in 2009.However, the resourses of extramural education include various choices. The purpose of this study is to discuss the enhancement of teaching efficacy form the extramural education. This study complies with the Forest Bureau Nature Education Center's Comprehensive analysis of the service resources diagnostic program in 2017. Nature Center’s service efficacy is divided into three aspects: environmental characteristics, educational concepts, and management processes. Teaching efficacy is split into five components: teaching preparation, teaching materials, teaching skills, learning atmosphere, and teaching evaluation. Research subjects were the Forestry Bureau target customers (school teacher). The questionnaires were distrubuted from July to October 2017 and received 415. The results show that: 1. Nature Center’s service efficacy was recognized as well performance.in educational concepts. 2. Nature Center was known as an impactful improvement in teaching efficacy, especially in teaching materials and teaching skills. 3. The Nature Center’s service performance and teaching efficacy were medium-height correlated. (1)The environment characteristics were high correlated with teaching materials.(2)The education concepts were the most extensive impact on teaching efficacy. (3)The management processes were high correlated on teacher's teaching skills.4. Senior teachers believe Nature center can enhance their teaching because of familiar with Nature Center. According to the results of this study, we suggest that Nature Center maintain environmental characteristics, refine education concepts, promote professionals, and focus on promoting service to young teachers.