安置機構中的親手足-青少年個案的主體經驗探究

Intact sibling placement in residential care: Foster adolescents’ perspectives

王歆韶(none)

指導教授 ： 彭淑華

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與社會科學學院/社會工作學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205490

摘要

手足關係在個人一生的發展中具有相當的影響力，手足是重要的社會支持力量來源，在兒童少年保護的家外安置安排中，家外安置帶來的創傷經驗在手足的支持與陪伴中能夠被緩和，但是實際上進行安置決定時，有許多因素使得手足無法共同安置在相同機構，能夠與親手足共同安置的經驗也很少被關注。本研究從與手足共同安置的青少年主觀經驗出發，瞭解共同安置經驗對於個人的影響，從中探究手足共同安置的特殊照顧需求，以及共同安置安排的意義。本研究共訪談四對親手足，研究結果發現：
1.家外安置的安排對於手足的發展具有影響，手足關係與互動在安置前後出現變化。安置初期，手足相較於在原生家庭，容易出現強烈的情感依附，渴望彼此靠近與保護，但隨著安置時間的拉長，手足的發展因著安置的影響要素而相異，在本研究中就出現「獨立發展」、「親密到疏離」、「矛盾糾結」與「互助互賴」這四種不同的經驗。
2.在安置期間，影響手足相處經驗的因素多元，分別有手足間的依附關係、父母教養態度、安置環境與機構規範、機構工作人員與同儕、華人家庭倫理觀念；此外，手足在機構生活中有不同於安置同儕的需求，分別是機構內小家的安排、工作者對於手足問題的處理能力、私密互動空間的需要。
3.共同安置對於手足來說，能夠帶來家的存續與歸屬感，但是安置經驗中卻也存在著正負向以及矛盾對立的相處經驗，同樣對於手足關係發展帶來影響。因著手足關係的特殊性，手足在機構式的照顧中會出現不少挑戰，例如：機構內對於異性別手足的照顧安排、手足個別化發展的需求，手足問題的處理等，考驗著機構工作者的智慧。
研究者依據研究結果，提出幾點建議。對於兒少保護及安置機構工作者，期待能積極協助手足維繫情感，以及建構手足彼此間支持性的關係，在進行安置安排時，需有完備的需求評估，以提供適切的照顧安排，工作者更必須強化自身對於手足問題的認識與處理能力，並與原生家庭持續工作；再者，對於政策及安置機構，建議建立合適手足共住的安置處所，以及在現有機構空間運用上更貼近使用者的需求，最後建議未來研究可以納入機構工作者，或手足分開安置經驗的多元觀點，並充實手足在結案後發展的相關研究。

關鍵字

手足 ； 共同安置 ； 安置機構 ； 安置經驗

並列摘要

Sibling relations exert considerable influence on individual development, and siblings are an important source of social support. Out-of-home care can cause trauma, grief, guilt and loss. Siblings are an important part of youth’s families, and may provide their brothers and sisters with stability, support, love and permanent relationships. However, child welfare workers face serious practical limitations when attempting to keep sibling groups intact. Besides, the voices and perspective of the youth who are influenced by this out-of-home decision are rarely presented. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand their out-of-home experience, and their special needs of care. The study interviewed four sibling pairs. The findings of the research are shown as follows.
1.Out-of-home care will bring changes to sibling relations. In the very beginning, siblings will have strong desires to protect each other. As time passes by, the out-of-home experiences will lead to four stages: individual independent, close to alienate relation, contradiction, mutual help and accompany.
2.During the period of out-of-home care, there are many factors which can influence sibling relations, including: sibling attachment, parents’ teaching attitude, worker and peer in the residential care, environment, regulations and traditional family ethics. Except for the above, there are also other needs for siblings in the placement.
3.Placement with siblings can maintain one’s sense of continuity with his or her family. But there are both positive and negative aspects for different challenges, such as different genders of sibling’s placement, individual needs and sibling conflicts.
Based on the findings and results, the study provides some suggestions. Workers should actively assist siblings to construct a supportive relationship with each other. Before placing siblings in residential care, a complete comprehensive assessment is strictly required. Child welfare workers should keep working with siblings’ origin family. Furthermore, the policy and practice should provide suitable placement for siblings. Finally, suggest future research can explore more experience of diverse viewpoints for child welfare workers or the experience by placing siblings separately.

並列關鍵字

sibling ； sibling placement ； residential care ； placement experience

參考文獻

英文文獻

Bank, S., & Kahn, M. (1982). The sibling bond. New York: Basic.

Begun, A. L., & Mersky, J. P.(2011). Sibling relationship and out-of-home care. In Jonathan Caspi, Sibling development: Implications for mental health practitioners (pp.321-337). New York: Springer Publishing.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parents-child attachment and health development. New York: Basic Books.

Cicirelli, V. G. (1995). Sibling relationships across the life span. New York: Plenum Press.