成年初顯期年輕人無法忍受不確定性、自我分化與心理幸福感之間的關係──以自我慈悲為中介變項

The Relationship among Intolerance of Uncertainty, Differentiation of Self and Psychological Well-being: The Mediating Effect of Self-compassion of Taiwanese Emerging Adults

陳秀芬(Chen Siou-Fen)

指導教授 ： 田秀蘭

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200726

摘要

隨著成年初顯期的概念越發被重視，且臺灣當代年輕人的自我與生涯發展狀態也符合該發展階段的特徵，本研究認為對面臨多重不確定性壓力與自我分化議題的成年初顯期年輕人來說，了解其心理幸福感以及自我慈悲，便顯得尤其重要。因此，本研究旨在探討成年初顯期年輕人之無法忍受不確定性、自我分化、心理幸福感與自我慈悲間的關係與差異情形，並檢驗自我慈悲於無法忍受不確定性、自我分化與心理幸福感之關係中的中介角色。本研究採問卷調查法，以臺灣18歲至29歲者為研究對象，合計821名，並以無法忍受不確定性量表──簡式（IUS-12）、自我分化量表中文版（C-DSI）、心理幸福感──簡式（PWB-18）與自我慈悲量表為研究工具，進行描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析以及中介效果分析。研究結果如下：（1）成年初顯期年輕人的無法忍受不確定性為中上程度、自我分化為中下程度，自我慈悲與心理幸福感則皆為中等偏高程度；（2）除原生家庭結構、出生序以及居住與離家情形，不同性別、目前居住地區、父親教養類型、母親教養類型、家庭社經地位、個人最高學歷、個人學職狀態、個人學職類型、個人經濟狀況、情感與婚姻狀態、子女養育狀態的臺灣成年初顯期年輕人，其在無法忍受不確定性、自我分化、心理幸福感以及自我慈悲之整體向度與分向度上，皆有不同的展現，且不同的背景變項，其影響的層面也不盡相同；（3）無法忍受不確定性與心理幸福感有顯著負相關，自我分化與心理幸福感有顯著正相關，自我慈悲與心理幸福感有顯著正相關；（4）自我慈悲在無法忍受不確定性與心理幸福感的關係中，有部分中介效果，並在自我分化與心理幸福感的關係中，具完全中介效果，而自我慈悲在無法忍受不確定性、自我分化與心理幸福感中，具部分中介效果。最後，本研究對研究結果進行討論，並對後續研究與實務提出建議。

關鍵字

成年初顯期 ； 無法忍受不確定性 ； 自我分化 ； 自我慈悲 ； 心理幸福感

並列摘要

As the concept of emerging adulthood has been given increasing attention, the self-developmental status and career-developmental status of young people in Taiwan also correspond to this developmental stage. This study suggested that it was particularly important to understand the impact of psychological well-being and self-compassion on the emerging adults who has been facing multiple uncertainties and issues of self-differentiation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the correlations and differences among intolerance of uncertainty, self-differentiation, psychological well-being and self-compassion of emerging adults, as well as to examine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship among intolerance of uncertainty, self-differentiation and psychological well-being. Data of this study was collected through surveys, and the participants of this study were 821 Taiwanese people aged 18 to 29. The instruments applied were the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Form (IUS-12), Chinese Version of Differentiation of Self Inventory (C-DSI), Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB-18), and Self-Compassion scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted. The main results of this study were as follows.
The intolerance of uncertainty of emerging adults was in a moderately high level. The differentiation of self was in a moderately low level. The self-compassion and psychological well-being of emerging adults were both upper middle. In addition to the types of the family of orientation, birth order, and leaving home statu, the intolerance of uncertainty, differentiation of self, self-compassion, and psychological well-being among emerging adults varied significantly across different genders, current living region, father’s parenting styles, mother’s parenting styles, family socioeconomic status, highest academic degree obtained, personal career status, personal career types, personal economic status, relationship and marital status, and parenting status. The negative correlation between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being was significant. The positive correlation between differentiation of self and psychological well-being was significant. The positive correlation between self-compassion and psychological well-being was significant. The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being was partly mediated by self-compassion. The relationship between differentiation of self and psychological well-being was fully mediated by self-compassion. The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, differentiation of self, and psychological well-being was partly mediated by self-compassion.
Finally, the implications of these results were discussed, and suggestions for future research, counseling practice, and self-care strategies were provided.

並列關鍵字

emerging adulthood ； intolerance of uncertainty ； differentiation of self ； self- compassion ； psychological well-being

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