大學生的自我分化、社會活動經驗與自我認定狀態之相關研究

The Relationships Among Self-Differentiation,Social Activity Experience and Ego Identity Status for Undergraduate Students in Taiwan

黃慧雯(Hui-wen Huang)

指導教授 ： 蔡順良

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本研究主要在探討大學生的自我分化、社會活動經驗及其自我認定狀態三者之間的關係。探討重點是：(一)自我分化對自我認定狀態的預測情形；(二)自我分化對社會活動經驗的預測情形；(三)社會活動經驗對自我認定狀態的預測情形；(四)自我分化及社會活動經驗共同對自我認定狀態的預測情形；(五)不同背景變項的大學生在自我認定狀態上的差異情形。
本研究以北區公私立大學及獨立學院一到四年級的學生為研究對象，進行抽樣之後，所得之有效樣本共計617名。以問卷調查法進行資料收集，所使用的工具包括「自我分化量表」、「社會活動經驗量表」及「自我認定狀態量表」。調查所得的資料分別以多元逐步迴歸分析統計法和單因子多變項變異數分析進行資料分析，茲將本研究的主要發現分述如下：
一、大學生的自我分化對自我認定狀態的預測情形
整體而言，大學生的自我分化可以有效預測自我認定狀態，其解釋量介於1% 到12.5%之間。其中對「他主認定」的解釋量較大。在意識型態層面，大學生若與父親越親密、與母親越親密但是傾向陷入三角關係者，其自我認定狀態越傾向於「他主認定」；在人際互動層面，大學生若與父親越親密、與母親越親密但是和父親之間的個體化程度較低，則其自我認定狀態傾向於「他主認定」。
二、大學生的自我分化對社會活動經驗的預測情形
整體而言，大學生的自我分化可以有效預測社會活動經驗，其解釋量介於1% 到10.1%之間。其中對「父、母支持其參與各項社會活動的程度」的解釋量較大。若大學生與父親的親密和個體化程度越高，則越能感受到父親對其參與各項社會活動的支持；同樣的，若大學生與母親的親密和個體化程度越高，也越能感受到母親對其參與各項社會活動的支持。亦即，和父母之間有良好的分化，則父母越能支持其向外探索，參與各項的社會活動。
三、大學生社會活動經驗對自我認定狀態的預測情形
整體而言，大學生的社會活動經驗可以有效預測自我認定狀態，其解釋量介於1% 到10.1%之間，其中對「自主認定-人際互動」的解釋量最大。若大學生投注在戀愛經驗的時間和重視程度越高以及父親越支持其參與各項各項社會活動，則其在人際互動層面的自我認定狀態越傾向於「自主認定」。此外，若大學生越少投注時間和心力於戀愛經驗以及參與社團活動的程度越低，則其在人際互動層面的自我認定發展越傾向於「認定混淆」的狀態。但是，大學生的社會活動經驗對於意識型態層面的自我認定狀態之預測解釋量則普遍偏低，甚至無法有效預測「尋求認定-意識型態」此一自我認定狀態。
四、大學生的自我分化、社會活動經驗對自我認定狀態的預測情形
整體而言，大學生的自我分化、社會活動經驗可以共同預測部份的自我認定狀態，其解釋量介於8.2% 到13%之間。其中以「自主認定-人際互動」的解釋量最大(13%)。若大學生對戀愛經驗的投注時間和重視程度越高、從父親那裡獲得越多對其參與各項社會活動的支持以及與母親的關係越親密，則其在人際互動層面的自我認定狀態越傾向於「自主認定」。
五、不同背景變項之大學生在自我認定狀態上的差異情形
(一)不同性別的大學生在自我認定狀態上有顯著的差異，其中差異主要顯現在：「自主認定-意識型態」和「他主認定-人際互動」。在意識型態層面，男生的「自主認定」程度高於女生；在人際互動層面，則男生比女生更傾向於「他主認定」。
(二)不同年級的大學生在自我認定狀態上有顯著的差異，在意識型態層面，三年級的「自主認定」程度高於一、二年級；在人際互動層面則是四年級的「認定混淆」程度低於一、二、三年級。
(三)不同學院的大學生在自我認定狀態上有顯著的差異。在意識型態層面，體育學院的學生比教育和文學院的學生更傾向於「他主認定」。在人際互動層面，理、工學院的學生比教育及文學院的學生更傾向於「他主認定」。
(四)參與的社團性質不同之大學生在「自我認定狀態」上並沒有顯著的差異。
最後，研究者根據本研究結果加以討論，並提出親職教育、輔導應用及未來研究之建議。

關鍵字

自我分化 ； 社會活動經驗 ； 自我認定狀態 ； 社團參與 ； 打工經驗 ； 戀愛經驗 ； 親密 ； 個體化

並列摘要

The purposes of the study were to: (1)use self-differentiation to predict ego identity status, (2)use self-differentiation to predict social activity experience, (3)use social activity experience to predict ego identity status, (4)use self-differentiation and social activity experience to predict ego identity status, and (5)explore the variances on ego identity status showed by students with different background variables.
The sample consisted of 617 undergraduate students from five universities and colleges in Northern Taiwan. Instruments used in this study were “Scale of Self- Differentiation” (including “Scale of Differentiation With Father ”, “ Scale of Differentiation With Mother ” , ”Scale of Detriangling ”) , ”Scale of Social Activity Experience ” and “ the revised version of the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status”. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression and multivariate analysis of variance. The main findings were as follows:
1. There were relationships between self-differentiation and ego identity status
The results indicated that self-differentiation could significantly predict ego identity status, and the amount it could account for the variance of ego identity status was between 1% and 12.5%.
2. There were relationships between self-differentiation and social activity experience
The results indicated that self-differentiation could significantly predict social activity experience and the amount it could account for the variance of social activity experience was between 1% and 10.1%.
3.There were relationships between social activity experience and ego identity status
The results indicated that social activity experience could significantly predict ego identity status, and the amount it could account for the variance of ego identity status was between 1% and 10.1%.
4.There were relationships among self-differentiation、social activity experience and ego identity status
The results indicated that self-differentiation and social activity experience could significantly predict part of ego identity status, and the amount it could account for the variance of ego identity status was between 8.2% and 13%.
5. The variances of ego identity status showed by students with different background variables
(1) Significant gender differences were found on ego identity status. The differences in the ego identity status between male and female subjects include Ideology- Achievement and Interpersonal-Foreclosure.
(2) Significant grade differences were found on ego identity status. The third-grade students’ score was significantly higher than that of the first-grade and the second- grade students on Ideology- Achievement. The fourth-grade students’ score was significantly lower than that of the first-grade, the second-grade and the third-grade students on Interpersonal-Diffusion.
(3) Significant college differences were found on ego identity status. The physical education college students’ score was significantly higher than the education and liberal arts college students’ on Ideology- Foreclosure. The engineering and science college students’ score was significantly higher than the education and liberal arts college students’ on Interpersonal-Foreclosure.
(4) No differences on ego identity status were found among students participating in different clubs. In other words, the clubs that the students participated in didn’t affect the students’ ego identity status.
Based on the results, implications of this study for parenting and guidance were discussed, and suggestions for further research were proposed.

並列關鍵字

Self-Differentiation ； Ego Identity Status ； Undergraduate Students ； Social Activity Experience

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