工作特性、組織創新氣候與個人創造力之研究─以知識隱藏為調節變項

2021年主計總處科技部統計指出，2019年全國研發人力共34.2萬人，較2009年約增8.7萬人，十年來研發人力逐年成長。隨著科技應用的普及化，高科技產業受到社會環境快速變遷的影響，為在產業競爭環境中提升企業在全球立足的關鍵地位，企業唯有不斷朝永續經營的目標前進。在知識技術集中的高科技產業中研發單位作為公司高創造力的員工，知識管理、科技創新與工作特性等因素為值得重視的課題。本研究主要探討台灣高科技IC設計產業研發單位員工工作特性、組織創新氣候、個人創造力及知識隱藏四個變項之間的關係。預試過程針對某IC設計產業公司研發單位員工為研究對象，有效問卷共回收104份，經因素分析、信度分析及項目分析後刪除題項形成正式問卷；正式問卷採便利抽樣法，以台灣地區IC設計產業研發單位員工為研究對象，有效問卷共回收394份。PROCESS分析驗證顯示：一、工作特性對個人創造力的正向影響顯著；經逐步迴歸分析得到自主性、工作多樣性與工作重要性對個人創造力具較佳的預測力；二、組織創新氣候對工作特性及個人創造力具部分中介效果；三、知識隱藏對工作特性及個人創造力不具有調節效果；四、知識隱藏對工作特性、組織創新氣候及個人創造力不具有調節式中介效果。本研究獲致結果，提出實務建議供組織參考，希望協助企業組織了解員工創造力行為的相關影響因素。

關鍵字

工作特性；組織創新氣候；個人創造力；知識隱藏

並列摘要

According to statistics from the Ministry of Science and Technology's General Accounting Office in 2021, national R&D manpower totaled 342,000 in 2019, an increase of about 87,000 from 2009. Over the last ten years, the R&D workforce has grown year by year. The high-tech industry is being influenced by rapid changes in the social environment as technology applications become more popular. Enterprises can only continue to strive for sustainable operation in order to strengthen their key position in the global industrial competition environment. R&D units are highly creative employees of the company in the high-tech industry, where knowledge and technology are concentrated, and factors such as knowledge management, technological innovation, and job characteristics are issues worthy of attention. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationships between the four variables of employee job characteristics, organizational innovative climate, creativity, and knowledge hiding in Taiwan's high-tech IC design industry. The research objects in the pre-test process were employees of an IC design industry company's research and development unit. A total of 104 valid questionnaires were collected. Following factor analysis, reliability analysis, and item analysis, the items were deleted to form a formal questionnaire. The research subjects were employees of regional IC design industry R&D units, and 394 valid questionnaires were collected. The PROCESS analysis and verification discovered that 1.Job characteristics have a significant effect on personal creativity; after stepwise regression analysis, it is discovered that Autonomy, Skill Variety, and Task Significance have a better predictive power on personal creativity. 2.The climate of organizational innovation has a partial mediating effect on job characteristics and creativity. 3.Knowledge concealment has no effect on job characteristics or creativity. 4.There is no moderating or mediating effect of knowledge hiding on job characteristics, organizational innovation climate, or creativity. The study's findings are presented, along with practical suggestions for enterprise use, in the hope of assisting enterprises in understanding the relevant influencing factors of employees' creative behavior.