企業導入RFID關鍵成功因素之實證探討

自從沃爾瑪（Wal-Mart）與美國國防部開始要求他們的供應商必須從條碼（Barcode）轉移到RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）後，在2005年RFID成為了在施行供應鏈管理的企業和學術研究中相當熱門的一個話題。在台灣以往企業導入的相關研究都著重在以完成導入的個案公司之成功因素探討，本研究則集中於導入企業的實際經驗與預計導入企業的判斷間的差異並對於RFID成功的因素(CSF) 與導入的決心做為研究主題。首先，了解已經導入的企業相關重要成功的因素(CSF)為何。其次，利用問卷回收的數據進行定量分析了解在計畫或準備導入RFID在實際執行時所面臨的相關問題。本研究問卷調查於民國九十八年四月共30天，以「中華電信研究所-網路問卷e點靈」所提供之平台編寫網頁問卷，本次共發出207份E-MAIL，有效樣本數為33份問卷，點閱問卷人數高達233人次。為何許多點閱的人都不回答問卷就離開，可能是因為他們既非正在導入或準備導入的關係，所以33份問卷代表可能最高導入或計畫導入公司的總數。經統計分析後得到下列五個主要結論：一、企業導入RFID系統時「清楚明確的公司策略」是導入系統最重要關鍵成功因素。二、企業實際導入RFID的時間大部分都需要兩年以上，本項因素可作為準備導入企業的參考。三、研究顯示企業在導入RFID時認為最大的考量因素為導入的起始成本。四、研究顯示企業導入RFID最重視的是企業本身的利益，以及為了提昇公司的作業能力，競爭者導入RFID也是企業重要考量。五、高階主管與基層員工對於RFID電子採購的期待不同，企業在導入RFID時所面對的組織變革的處理與清楚明確的公司策略極其重要。本研究依據相關文獻以企業導入RFID為主軸，藉由問卷題目了解國內愈導入或已導入之相關企業進行研究探討並提出各項建議與研究結果，盼能提供企業於導入前之依據參考。

關鍵字

無線射頻辨識；供應鏈管理；企業流程再造

並列摘要

Ever since Wal-Mart and the U. S. Defense Department started requiring their suppliers to shift from bar code to RFID in 2005, RFID has become a hot topic among supply chain management practitioners and academics. Unlike most previous studies done on the topic in Taiwan, the present study focused on the determination of critical successful factors (CSF) of RFID in business applications from the empirical perspective. The primary differences were mainly shown in two ways. First, it focused exclusively on the critical successful factors (CSF) from the empirical perspective. Second, data used to perform the quantitative analysis were collected from companies where RFID was either in practice or in the planning stage. A questionnaire was placed on Chung Hua Telecon’s “Chunghwa Telecom co., Ltd. Telecommunication Laboratories - network questionnaire ” for a period of 30 days in April, 2009. In addition, 207 emails were also sent to companies that were known to be interested in RFID to inform them about the RFID survey form on “Telecommunication Laboratories - network questionnaire.” Eventually, it generated close to 233 clicks to view the questionnaire. However, only 33 completed returns were received. The reason why the majority clicks did not go ahead to fill out the survey form might be attributed to one reason, i. e., their companies had not incorporated or were not in the processing of incorporating RFID in their supply chain management. Based on the statistical analysis, five major findings were revealed from the survey form. 1.The most important CSF was what is considered to be “clear and accurate corporate strategies”; 2.It generally took at least two years, longer than initially anticipated, to implement a corporate RFID plan; 3.The perceived cost of start-up was the primary hurdle in deciding whether to go ahead with the RFID application; 4.Corporate benefits were found to be the number one reason for a company to go into the RFID application. It was followed by two other reasons: the possibility of enhancing its operating capabilities (ranked #2) and its competitors’ entry into the RFID application (ranked #3); and 5.Different perceptions regarding how RFID might be used to conduct the supply chain management existed between the top management and the middle or lower management.