量販店火場避難逃生分析

本研究針對桃園市某量販店進行避難逃生路線安全性的探討評估。經由火災案例分析、避難逃生標示設備相關法規彙整、火災危害因子及避難行為特性檢討與現場勘查及數值模擬分析進行驗證，發現避難逃生路線存在幾項缺失，嚴重影響人員安全。研究結果顯示相關法規對於量販店之避難逃生標示設備及設置規定未盡完善。現場勘查發現手推車會造成結帳櫃臺及電扶梯擁塞問題。數值模擬分析發現貨架、貨物高度及貨架間距離會影響煙流場、熱流場的分佈及火災延燒。建議法規修改對於量販店等場所，應使用崁入式將避難方向指示燈設置於地板，並配合智慧型火警自動警報器以燈光閃爍及聲音引導方式增加避難引導成功率；貨架使用金屬材質且保持貨架間寬度，避免貨架及貨物堆放過高及設置於牆壁及出入口附近，以免影響逃生。本研究結果可提供未來量販店建設時內部逃生通道及貨架設置之參考。

關鍵字

量販店；避難逃生路線；標示設備；貨架

並列摘要

The study aimed to evaluate the safety of evacuation routes in a hypermarket in Taoyuan City. Through the analysis of fire cases, the organization of relevant regulations on evacuation sign, the review of fire hazard factor and evacuation behavior and on-site and numerical simulation analysis for verification, there were several defects in evacuation routes, which could seriously affect the safety of personnel. Result showed that relevant regulations for store’s evacuation sign and equipment required further revision. Site survey found that trolleys could cause congestion at checkout counters and escalators. Numerical simulation analysis showed that shelf height, height of cargo and space between shelves could affect flow and distribution of smoke and heat to further spread the fire. It was recommended to revise regulations for these hypermarkets and other commercial stores to use embedded evacuation indicators on the floor and intelligent fire alarm with flashing light and voice guidance to increase the success rate of evacuation. Metal rack should be used for shelf and a specific distance should be maintained to avoid excessive stacking of cargo, where these storages should not be set near the vicinity of wall or entrance to affect the evacuation. The study result could be provided as reference for internal evacuation routes and shelf setting in the future development of hypermarket.