台灣微型創業關鍵成功與失敗因素之研究

台灣高達九成的民眾承認自己有過創業的念頭，曾經創業過的台灣人比例也將近四分之一，而且台灣的創業者愈來愈走向年輕化，竟然高達60%是在20-29歲之間就開始第一次創業；然而有69%的創業者曾經失敗過，其中50%的創業者不超過一年，另有37.5%在三年內結束營業；微型創業相對其他創業不需要投入大量的資金、進入門檻低、具有強的流行性與潮流特性。多數微型創業的研究大部份都只是針對關鍵成功因素來做探討或研究，較少或甚至看不到從關鍵失敗因素角度來分析比較創業關鍵成功因素。　　本研究採用問卷調查方式進行研究，調查與訪談85位的受訪者(61位創業成功者、24位創業失敗者)。t檢定分析創業成功與失敗者對關鍵成功因素的看法是否具有一致性、語幹編碼分析問卷之開放性問題解釋創業成功與失敗者之認知差異。本研究結果針對：微型創業成功者與失敗者，對關鍵成功因素及人格特質的認知差異；創業型態、創業資源、創業動機、創業類型與特性，提出可能解釋及適當的建議。

關鍵字

微型創業；關鍵成功因素；關鍵失敗因素；創業資源；語幹編碼分析

並列摘要

In recent years there are more and more micro-entrepreneurship to flourish. Nearly the 90% population of Taiwanese recognized that they had the idea of entrepreneurship and the 25% had the entrepreneurship experience. However, 69% of entrepreneurship pioneers failed. The 50% of the loosers ended their business within 1 year, and 37.5% within 3 years. Most published researches focused on the key/critical success factors (KSFs) but the key failure factors (KFFs). The study adopted the rolling snowball data collection method for the hinded losers of entrepreneurship. This study compared the KSFs among the still continuing micro-entrepreneurship and losers to find out the KFFs. This work surveyed and interviewed with 85 respondents (61 successors, 24 losers) with a snowball data collection method. The first part of questionnaire is the basic data, the second part is the business pattern, the third part is KSF, and the fourth part is the personality. The data analysis included the descriptive analysis and t test. There were few significant differences about KSFs among the still continuing micro-entrepreneurship and the losers. This study then had a managerial discussions and implications for practical applications and future research based on the content analysis of open questionnaires.