徵兵制役期縮減對部隊之影響評估研究

A Study of Impact Assessment for Mandatory Military Service Tenure Reduction Program upon Armed Forces in Taiwan.

尹時賢(Shih-Hsien Yin)

指導教授 ： 丘昌泰

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討徵兵制「役期縮減」對部隊之影響評估，檢視役期縮減對部隊之正、負面向影響為何？
本研究歸納有關影響評估研究之文獻評估，建構一套以3E(Effectiveness、Efficiency、Economy)評估指標為基礎的影響評估指標，包括(一)目標達成度(即效能性)；(二)管理效率性；(三)團隊凝聚力；(四)需求回應性。本研究採深度訪談、焦點團體訪問等多元研究方法，針對國軍基層部隊主管、領導幹部、義務役與志願役士兵及長期關注、報導國軍發展動向的資深軍事記者等政策利害關係人，進行至少五場次的焦點座談，參與受訪者總計多達56位。
本研究發現：從效能角度檢視目標達成度，大多數的利害關係人均認為戰力是下降的。從效率角度來看，因募、徵兵力比未滿足部隊需求，致管理效率不符部隊所需。在團隊凝聚力上，團隊人際親和尚佳，團隊任務整合也就是個人趨向團體或是進入團體的力量，則仍待努力。至於需求回應性方面，依利害關係人關切區分：人力要能適時銜接補充、招募回歸專業專責部門、義務役期應符部隊需要、恢復專業士官常態招募、兵力結構考量部隊特性、廣納不同思維挑戰政策等六大議題。
依上述研究發現，本研究提出四大面向計20項政策建議，俾供決策當局參考：
一、政策制定與執行方面：謹慎拿捏專業與民意之間的平衡，確立實施全募兵制之核心思想；國防決策不能屈從於民粹主義；重視並建構積極目的國防安全政策評估；廣納不同思維以挑戰政策計畫；設定國軍內部的課責管理系統；國防安全政策研究途徑重視量化，也應重視質化。
二、人力資源管理方面：具競爭力的薪資待遇；人才招募要回歸專業；多管道人力進用原則；重新訂定合理兵力配比；鼓勵軍民交流終身學習。
三、強化團隊凝聚方面：強化團隊任務的整合；營造平等的文化氛圍；逐漸提升工作滿足感；讓軍人安家軍眷安心。
四、現行政策之配套方面：義務役期未經評估不再縮減；建立志願士兵合理退場機制；恢復專業士官常態招募作業；調整義務士兵現行休假規定；公平歷練機會落實性別平等。

關鍵字

政策評估 ； 影響評估 ； 徵兵制 ； 役期縮減

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to discuss the impact assessment of mandatory military service tenure reduction program upon armed forces in Taiwan, and evaluate its positive and negative influences.
This study concludes document estimation of impact assessment to construct a set of impact evaluation indexes based on 3E (Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Economy). This set of indexes Include: (1) goal achieving ability (efficiency) (2) management efficiency (3) group coherence and (4) inquiry response. The study consists of diverse researching methods: thorough interviews and focus group discussions. Focus group discussions take at least five sessions and take up to fifty-six participants whose professions include basic troop directors, troop leaders, mandatory and voluntary soldiers and senior military reporters.
When most participants evaluate military goal achieving ability from the angle of efficiency, they come up with one conclusion: it is decreasing. From the angle of efficiency, management efficiency does not suffice due to recruits’ shortage from drafts and mercenaries. In the area of group coherence, the public image goes well. However, group mission integration still has room to improve. As of inquiry responses, it has been classified into six categories by the discussion participants:
1)Human resources appropriately supplemented.
2)Specific recruiting department.
3)Mandatory service tenure should satisfy military requirement.
4)Reinstate the recruitment of specialized enlisted.
5)Examine military structure incorporating troop’s characteristics.
6)Implement different ways of thinking to challenge current policies.
According to the impact assessment study, this research offers twenty suggestions concluding in four aspects for administrative referencing:
1.Policy planning and execution: to control the balance between expert and public opinion in order to establish the core thought of full recruitment. National defense policies cannot yield to Populism and to emphasize and proactively construct national security policy assessment. Moreover, implement different ways of thinking to challenge current policies and set up an internal military duty management system. As well as emphasizing both the quality and quantity of national defense policies.
2.Human resource management: competitive pays, professional recruitment, and multi-way employment principle, reconstruct military resource ratio and to encourage military-civilian interaction and lifelong learning.
3.Enhance group coherence: to strengthen group integration, to create equal culture atmosphere, and gradually increase work satisfaction in order to let soldiers and their relatives feel secure.
4.Current policies: mandatory services tenure will not reduce without being evaluated; set up practical discharge systems for voluntary soldiers, and to restore specific sergeants’ recruitment. Furthermore, adjust on leave regulations for mandatory soldiers and create equal opportunities for both genders.

並列關鍵字

policy evaluation ； impact assessment ； mandatory service system ； and reduction of military service tenure.

參考文獻

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