環境影響評估制度比較研究與個案探討

Comparative Study of Environmental Impact Assessment Systems

楊宜潔(Yang, Yi-Chieh)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

工業革命後，環境污染日趨嚴重，不僅危及生物，亦開始對人類產生影響。環境保護概念開始興起，其發展趨勢可分為管制既有污染源，以及限制新設污染源兩種類型。環境影響評估的意義，即源自於後者。台灣亦曾歷經類似的上述過程，故政府開始引進環評之概念，終在1994年成為一項法定程序。而未能通過相關審查的開發計畫，亦有可能選擇移往其他地區。若就環境方面而言，則可能導致其在境外的多餘污染排放，即造成污染外溢現象。本研究選擇越南、香港與日本為比較對象，期能釐清台灣環評制度的特殊性。並以曾經實施環評作業，未通過審查之開發案件為研究個案，比較其於不同地區擬進行之開發，在空氣污染物質排放部份，是否將造成污染外溢。
研究發現台灣環評法對於第一階段環評的要求，與越南較相近，而尚不如香港與日本之嚴謹程度。而第二階段環評的相關規範，則較越南明確且嚴格，但仍略遜於其他兩地區。台灣環評制度特殊之處，在於環評委員會審查後，不需再經過批准程序，其決議即具有法律效力以及強制力。即代表此委員會擁有否決權。惟兩階段環評的審查時程皆較長，在整個環評程序中牽涉的主管機關亦較多。不過對於評估方式有較高標準之要求，亦為台灣之特有規定。此外，倘研究個案在其他地區設廠開發，的確將導致空氣污染的外溢現象。第二階段環評程序中的幾項特點，亦很可能係為研究個案選擇在其他地區設廠開發的原因之一。

關鍵字

環境影響評估 ； 污染外溢 ； 空氣污染 ； 比較研究 ； 個案探討

並列摘要

Ever since The Industry Revolution, severe pollution problems not only lead the quality of environment deteriorating, but threatened the existence of creatures, including human being. As a result, the concept of environmental impact assessment (EIA) shaped from the viewpoint of prevention. Owing to experiencing similar happenings mentioned above, Taiwanese government also promoted the EIA as a statutory procedure at 1994. If projects failed the review, choosing to move overseas would be one of its decisions. Such settlement might cause additional pollution at the region, forming the “pollution spillover ” occurrence.
This study selected the EIA systems of Vietnam, Hong Kong and Japan as comparative objects, attempting to generalize the characteristic of each. In this paper, another emphasis must be examining the difference in air pollutants emission recorded on EIA documents, rendered to native and alien governments by firm. The conclusion points out that the regulation of Taiwanese second-stage EIA system is more stringent than one in Vietnam, yet still looser than ones in H.K. and Japan. Besides, a veto power solely belonging to EIA review committee should be the unique. However, much time spent, more administrations involving, higher assessing standard asking, are all the special parts of EIA procedure in T.W. . The pollution spillover phenomenon was proved afterwards by contrasting as well, while study case selected to locating outside of Formosa. At the last but not least, features of Taiwanese EIA system may possibly explain why investor change his preference for location.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Impact Assessment ； Pollution Spillover ； Air Pollution ； Comparative Study ； Case Study

參考文獻

15.賴宗福，2009，「各國環境影響評估系統之檢視：兼論台灣環評制度現況」，『實踐博雅學報』，第12期，第109-140頁。

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