在報導的過程中,很難不利用到他人之著作。若因對著作權的保護,使新聞工作者動輒得咎,降低報導意願、限制新聞自由,恐非著作權之本意。在各國對於著作權的限制方式中,亦常有見到為新聞報導為理由而加以限制者,此即著作權與公益的調和。從新聞實務觀點而言,新聞強烈要求時宜性。對於採訪現場所接觸之著作,更是難以等到一一取得授權時方才播送。 在我國著作權法中,與「新聞媒體」較為相關之條文,有第九條第一項第四款、第四十九條、第五十二條,以及第六十一條等。它們的要件、適用時機與概念並不相同,但實務上卻常見混淆,產生困擾。再加上我國法又以「合理使用」的概念加以歸類,然此「合理使用」之概念,本身亦有須斟酌探討之處,因此也造成了實際運用上的問題。 本文藉由介紹國際著作權公約中,關於與新聞報導相關的著作財產權限制規定,以及美國、日本及中國大陸等國的相關制度,從中找尋可供我國借鏡之制度與方向,使立法更周全。並藉由實務案例的分析,來進一步瞭解目前現行法在適用上,是否有存在任何問題。並在最後,對於現行法的修正方向,提出建議。
The limitations to copyright for the purpose of news reporting can be found in the Copyright act. It is unlikely to avoid using copyrighted works during news reporting. If the copyright protection is too strong, it would limit the freedom of press. There should be a balance between copyright protection and public interest. Article 9, 49, 52 and 61 of Copyright Act in Taiwan are related to press. Besides, article 65, which governs “fair use”is also considered. The researcher reviews the practical sentences applicable to articles above and finds that the legislation is not complete. Some courts fail to fully understand the regulation, resulting in dispute in practice. This study aims at providing suggestions on dispute in practice in Taiwan in the hope of make the legislation better meet actual conditions and become more comprehensive. By introducing regulations related to both copyright and press in the U.S., Japan and P.R.C., may help amendment of laws and regulations in Taiwan.